MODULE 4-A TISSUE, MEMBRANES AND WOUND HEALING
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pincherbug on November 7, 2010
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235 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 TISSUE | A COLLECTION OF CELLS THAT SHARE A SIMILAR STRUCTURE AND ARE ORGANIZED TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION |
| EPITHELIAL TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF CELLS BOUND BY CONNECTIVE MATERIAL AND VARYING IN THE NUMBER OF LAYERS AND IN THE KINDS OF CELLS |
| EPITHELIAL TISSUES FORMS | THE EPITHELIEUM |
| THE EPITHELIUM IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY IS MADE OF | SIMPLE SQUAMOUS SELLS SIMPLE CUBOIDAL CELLS STRATIFIED COLUMNAR CELL |
| EPITHELIUM: | THE COVERING OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS OF THE BODY, ALSO THE LINING OF THE VESSELS,BODY CAVITIES, GLANS AND ORGANS |
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE | DENSE TISSUE CONTAINING LARGE NUMBERS OF CELLS AND LARGE AMOUNTS OF INTERCELLULAR MATERIAL COMPOSED OF FIBERS IN A MATRIX OR GROUND SUBSTANCE THAT MAY BE LIQUID, GELATINOUS OR SOLID |
| NERVE TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF ONE OR MORE BUNDLES OF IMPULSE CARRYING FIBERS THAT CONNECT THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD WITH OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY |
| MUSCLE TISSUE | TISSUE COMPOSED OF FIBERS THAT ARE ABLE TO CONTRACT, CAUSING AND ALLOWING MOVEMENT OF THE PARTS AND ORGANS OF THE BODY |
| FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE | PROVIDES A PROTECTIVE BARRIER AGAINST EXTREME TEMPATURES,ENVIROMENTAL CONTAMINANTS AND INVASIONS BY ORGANISMS WHILE ALLOWING SECRETION AND EXCRETION OF WASTE |
| FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE | BINDS TO OTHER TISSUE STRUCTURES TO SUPPORT AND ORGANIZE THE BODY; BINDS TO FOREIGN CELLS TO PROTECT THE BODY; BINDS TO MOLECULES TO TRANSPORT MATERIALS THROUGH THE BODY |
| FUNCTIONS OF NERVE TISSUE | CONDUCTS ELECTRICAL SIGNALS THROUGH THE BODY |
| FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE TISSUE | ALLOWS THE MOVEMENT OF THE MOVEABLE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY |
| THE EPITHELIEUM COVERS | THE BODY AND MANY OF ITS PARTS |
| THE EPITHELIEUM LINES THE BODY'S | SEROUS CAVITIES BLOOD AND LYMPH VESSELS RESPIRATORY TRACTS DIGESTIVE TRACTS URINARY TRACTS |
| SEROUS | EPITHELIAL TISSUE THAT LINES CLOSED BODY CAVITIES AND COVERS THE ORGANS IN THAT CAVITY |
| THE BODYS GLANDS CONSIST | OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE |
| CELLS THAT COMPOSE THE EPITHELIUM ARE COMPACTLY ARRANGED WITH | LITTLE INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE |
| THE EPITHELIUM ALWAYS RESTS ON A LAYER OF | CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH A BASEMENT MEMBRANE BETWEEN THEM |
| THERE ARE NO CAPILLARIES WITHIN THE EPITHELIUM, WHICH MEANS THAT OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS | MUST BE PROVIDED BY THE UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE THROUGH DIFFUSION |
| MEMBRANE | A THIN LAYER OF TISSUE THAT COVERS A SURFACE, LINES A CAVITY OR DIVIDES A SPACE |
| BASEMENT MEMBRANE | THE FRAGILE, NONCELLULAR LAYER OF TISSUE THAT SECURES THE OVERLYING LAYERS OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM |
| DIFFUSION | THE PROCESS OF A SUBSTANCE MOVING FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION |
| EPITHELIAL CELLS UNDERGO CONSTANT MITOSIS IN ORDER TO | REPLACE THE OUTER LAYER CELLS THAT ARE LOST THROUGH WEAR AND EXPOSURE TO FORCES AND THE ENVIROMENT |
| EPITHELIAL TISSUE CAN BE CLASSISIFED BY THE | SHAPE AND ITS CELLS AND BY ITS TISSUE LAYER ARRANGEMENT. WHETHER OR NOT THE TISSUE CONSISTS OF A SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS OR MULTIPLE LAYERS |
| SQUAMOUS TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF FLAT CELLS THAT SOMEWHAT RESEMBLE SCALES |
| CUBOIDAL TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF CELLS THAT SOMEWHAT RESEMBLE SQUARE BOXES, HAVING DIMENSIONS APPROXIMATELY THE SAME HEIGHT, WIDTH, AND DEPTH |
| COLUMNAR TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF CELLS THAT SOMEWHAT RESEAMBLE RECTANGULAR BOXES, HAVING ONE DIMENSION THAT IS LONGER THAN THE OTHERS |
| SIMPLE TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF A SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS |
| STRATIFIED TISSUE | TISSUE CONSISTING OF MORE THAN ONE LAYER OF CELLS, MULTIPLE LAYERS |
| STRATIFIED TISSUES ARE ONLY FORMED BY | SQUAMOUS CELLS ONLY |
| FUNCTIONS OF SQUAMOUS TISSUE | LINES THE BLOOD VESSELS AND THE ALVEOLI, THE THINNESS OF THE TISSUE ALLOWS GASES AND CHEMICALS TO PASS THROUGH THE TISSUE |
| FUNCTIONS OF CUDOIDAL TISSUE | LINES GLANDS SUCH AS THE THYROID AND SALIVARY GLANDS, THE SHAPE OF THE TISSUE PROMOTES SECRETION OF CHEMICALS BY THE GLANDS |
| ALVEOLUS | ONE OF THE MANY SMALL SACS WITHIN THE LUNGS IN WHICH THE EXCHANGE OF GASES TAKE PLACE, ABSORBING OXYGEN AND RELEASING CARBON DIOXIDE |
| FUNCTIONS OF COLUMNAR TISSUE | LINES THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES AND SECRETES GASTRIC JUICES AND ENZYMES, SOME HAVE CILLIA TO SWEEP SUBSTANCES ALONG, SUCH AS THOSE THAT LINE THE FALLOPIAN TUBES AND MOVE AN OVUM TOWARD THE UTERUS |
| FUNSTIONS OF THE SIMPLE TISSUE | FORMS THE SINGLE LAYER LININGS OF THE CAPILLARIES, THE THYROID GLAND AND THE STOMACH, THE THINNESS OF THE TISSUE ALLOWS GASES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES TO GO IN AND OUT THROUGH THE TISSUE |
| SIMPLE TISSUE IN THE CAPILLARIES CONSISTS OF | SQUAMOUS CELLS |
| SIMPLE TISSUE IN THR TYROID CONSISTS OF | CUDOIDAL CELLS |
| SIMPLE TISSUE IN THE STOMACH CONSISTS OF | COLUMNAR CELLS |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE STRATIFIED TISSUE | FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF THE LAYER OF THE SKIN AND THE LINING OF THE ESOPHAGUS AND THE VAGINA, THE THICKNESS OF THE TISSUE AND ITS SECRETIONS HELP TO PROTECT THE BODY AGAINST PATHOGENS |
| THE MOST COMMON TISSUE IN THE BODY IS | CONNECTIVE |
| WHAT PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS THE ORGANS, TRANSPORTS SUBSTANCES AND BINDS BODY STRUCTURES | CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| RETICULAR TISSUE | LOCATED IN THE SPLEEN, LYMPH NODES AND BONE MARROW; FILTERS HARMFUL SUBSTANCES FROM THE BLOOD AND LYMPH |
| AREOLAR TISSUE | LOCATED IN LOSSE ACCUMULATIONS BETWEEN TISSUES AND ORGANS, CONNECTS TISSUES |
| ADIPOSE TISSUE | LOCATED UNDER THE SKIN, PROVIDES PADDING, INSULATION AND A PLACE TO STORE FATS |
| FIBROUS TISSUE | LOCATED IN TENDONS,LIGAMENTS, DEEP FASCIA, DERMIS AND THE KIDNEYS PROVIDES STRONG, FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS AND THE FORMATION OF SCARS |
| TENDON | A FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONNECTS MUSCLE TO BONES |
| LIGAMENTS | A FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT JOINS ONE BONE TO ANOTHER |
| DEEP FASCIA | A BAND OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVERS OR BINDS TOGETHER BODY STRUCTURES WITHIN BODY CAVITIES |
| DERMIS | THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT MAKES UP MTHE INNER LAYER OF SKIN |
| BONE TISSUE | LOCATED IN THE SKELETON, FORMS BONES TO SUPPORT THE BODY AND PROTECT ORGANS AND TISSUE |
| CARTILAGE TISSUE | LOCATED IN THE NOSE, EARS, TRACHEA AND EUSTACHIAN TUBES AND AT BONE JOINTS, PROVIDES A FIRM BUT NOT RIGID STRUCTURE AND PADDING BETWEEN BONES |
| TRACHEA | THE WINDPIPE |
| EUSTACHIAN TUBE | A CANAL THAT ALLOWS AIR TO PASS BETWEEN THE MIDDLE EAR CAVITY AND THE NASOPHARYNGEAL CAVITY |
| BLOOD TISSUE | LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE BLOOD SYSTEM, TRANSPORTS MATERIALS, INCLUDING OXYGEN, THROUGHOUT THE BODY AND COMBATS FOREIGN ORGANISMS AND CELLS |
| LYMPHATIC TISSUE | LOCATED IN THE LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN, TONSILS AND THYMUS; FORMS CERTAIN TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS |
| MYELOID TISSUE | LOCATED IN THE BONE MARROW, FORMS RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND PLATELETS |
| PLATELET | A BLOOD CELL THAT HELPS THE CLOTTING PROCESS USED TO SEAL A WOUND |
| ELASTIC TISSUE | LOCATED ALONG THE WALLS OF THE LARGE ARTERIES AND ALVEOLI IN THE LUNGS; HELPS IN MAINTAINING BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE BLOOD SYSTEM AND IN THE EXHALATION OF BREATH IN THE LUNGS |
| NEURONS | THE BASIC NERVE TISSUE CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM THAT ARE CAPABLE OF GENERATING ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPULSES THAT CARRY INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE BRAIN |
| NEUROGLIA | THE SUPPORTING OR CONNECTING TISSUE CELLS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| NEURONS CONSIST OF A CELL BODY AND 2 EXTENSIONS | AXONS AND DENDRITES |
| A NEURON WILL HAVE | 1 AXON BUT MAY HAVE SEVERAL DENDRITES |
| AXON | CARRIES NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPULSES FROM THE CELL BODY |
| DENDRITE | CARRIES NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPULSES TO THE CELL BODY |
| CELL BODY | PERFORMS METABOLIC AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS FOR THE CELL |
| NEURONS ARE SURRONED BY SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT FORM THE | SHEATH OF SCHWANN ( WHICH ELECTRICALLY ISOLATES NEURONS) |
| SHEATH | A COVERING, ESPECIALLY A LOOSE FITTING ONE |
| THE AXON OF ONE NEUTRON IS SEPERATED FROM A DENDRITE OF AN ADJOINING NEURON BY A SPACE CALLED | SYNAPSE |
| NERVE SYSTEM IMPULSES CANNOT CROSS THE SYNAPSE INLESS ITS FILLED WITH SPECIAL CHEMICALS CALLED | NEUROTRANSMITTERS |
| WHAT ARE THE THREE KINDS OF NEURONS | SENSORY MOTOR INTERNEURONS |
| SENSORY NEURONS AKA | AFFERENT NEURONS |
| SENSORY NEURONS | CARRY SIGNALS FROM RECEPTORS IN THE SKIN SKELETAL MUSCLES JOINTS AND ORGANT TO THE CNS |
| MOTOR NEURONS AKA | EFFERENT NEURONS |
| MOTOR NEURONS | CARRY INPULSES FROM THE CNS TO EFFECTORS THAT CAUSE RESPONSES IN THE MUSCLES AND GLANDS |
| INTERNEURONS | LOCATED IN THE CNS CARRY BOTH SENSORY OR MOTOR IMPLUSES OR CONNECT THEM AND SUPPORT THINKING AND LEARNING |
| TYPES OF NEUROGLIA | OLIGODENDROCYTES MICROGLIA ASTROCYTES EPENDYMA |
| TYPES OF NERVE TISSUE | NEURONS NEUROGLIA |
| OLIGODENDROCYTES | FORM THE INSULATING SHEATH(COVERING) ON NEURONS IN THE CNS |
| MICROGLIA | MOVE SO THEY CAN LOCATE AND DESTROY DAMAGED TISSUE AND INVADING CELLS AND ORGANISMS |
| ASTROCYTES | PREVENT HARMFUL CHEMICALS FROM ENTERING THE BRAIN FROM CONTAMINATED BLOOD |
| EPENDYMA | LINE THE CAVITIES IN THE BRAIN AND HELP TO CIRCULATE CSF |
| CSF | CEREBRALSPINAL FLUID THE TISSUE FLUID THAT CIRCULATES AROUND THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD LUBRICATES AND CUSHIONS |
| STRUCTURAL COMPOSITION | WHETHER THE MUSCLE TISSUE IS STRIATED OR SMOOTH(NONSTRAIATED) |
| STRAITED | LINED WITH GROOVES |
| LEVEL OF CONSCIOUS CONTROL | WHETHER THE MUSCLE IS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY |
| VOLUNTARY | MUSCLES THAT ARE CONSCIOUSLY CONTROLLED BY THE WILL OF A PERSON EX: MUSLCES MOVE AN ARM |
| INVOLUNTARY | MUSCLES THAT WORK AUTOMATICALLY EX: HEART MUSCLES |
| FACTORS THAT DETERMINE MUSCLE TISSUE CLASSIFICATIONS | STRUCTURAL COMPOSTION LEVEL OF CONSCIOUS CONTROL LOCATION |
| LOCATION | WHETHER THE MUSCLE TISSUE IS SKELETAL, VISCERAL OR CARDIAC |
| SKELETAL | STRAITED VOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUE ATTATCHED TO BONES |
| VISCERAL | SMOOTH INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUE THAT LINES THE WALLS OF HALLOW ORGANS |
| CARDIAC | STRIATED INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE TISSUE THAT COMPOSES THE WALLS OF THE HEART |
| FLEXION | DECREASES THE ANGLE OF A JOINT MOVING YOUR HAND TOWARDS YOU PALM UP |
| EXTENSION | INCREASE THE ANGLE OF A JOINT PALM UP MOVING ARM DOWN ALL THE WAY |
| AD-DUCTION | MOVE A LIMB TOWARDS THE MIDLINE |
| AB-DUCTION | MOVE LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY |
| PRONATION | ROATATING MOVEMENT OF THE HAND SO THAT THE PALM FACES BACKWARDS OR DOWNWARDS -ROTATING THE FOOT INWARD AND DOWNWARDS |
| SUPINATION | ROATATING HAND SO THE PALM FACES UPWARD OR FORWARD -CORRESPONDING MOVEMENT OF THE LEG AND FOOT |
| DORSIFLEXION | MOVEMENT OF THE BODY TOWARDS THE BACK TOES MOVING UPWARD |
| PLANTAR FLEXION | TOE DOWN MOVEMENT |
| ROTATION | ROTATING MOVEMENT ON A AXIS |
| NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY | THE RESPONSE OF MUSCLE TISSUE TO STIMULATION BY THE NERVOUS SYTEM SENDING AN ELECTRICAL IMPLUSE TO SELECTED TISSUE |
| NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY RESPONSE AKA | SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY |
| EACH MUSCLE FIBER IS CONNECTED TO | THE MOTOR AXON OF A MOTOR NERVE |
| THE POINT WHERE THE NEURON TERMINATES ON A MUSCLE FIBER IS CALLED | NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION |
| ACETYLCHOLINE AKA | ACh |
| ACETYLCHOLINE | NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE SAC IN THE END OF THE NERVE |
| THE SARCOLEMMA | MEMBRANE OF THE MUSCLE FIBER HAS RECEPTORS THAT ARE SENSATIVE TO ACh |
| DURING NORMAL RELAXED STATE THE OUTER MEMBRANE OF A MUSCLE FIBER IS | POSITIVLEY CHARGED DUE TO AN ABUNDANCE OF POSITIVE SODIUM IONS |
| DURING NORMAL RELAXED STATE THE CORE OF THE FIBER IS | NEGATIVELY CHARGED DUE TO AN ABUNDANCED OF NEGATIVE POTASSIUM IONS |
| NEGATIVE POTASSIUM IONS | K- |
| POSITIVE SODIUM IONS | Na+ |
| A NERVE IMPULSE ARRIVING AT THE MOTOR AXON CAUSES | A RELEASE OF ACh |
| ACh BINDS TO THE RECEPTORS IN THE FIBER MEMBRANE, CASUING IT TO BECOMING | PERMEABLE TO SODIUM AND ALLOWING IONS TO MOVE FORWARD THE CORE OF THE FIBER |
| AN ARRANGEMENT OF FILAMENTS WITH THE MUSCLE FIBER | SHORTEN TO CONTRACT THE FIBER |
| SARCOMERE | Smallest functional unit of muscle tissue |
| PERMEABLE | CPABLE OF ALLOWING SUBSTANCES TO PENETRATE A STRUCTURE |
| FILAMENT | A THREADLIKE, FLEXABLE STRUCTURE |
| BECAUSE ALL THE FIBERS IN THE MUSCLE ARE UNDERGOING THE SAME NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITATION | THE ENTIRE MUSCLE CONTRACTS |
| AS LONG AS IMPLUSES CONTINUE, THE MUSCLE WILL REMAIN | CONTRACTED IN A CONDITION KNOWN AS TETANUS |
| WHEN THE NERVE IMPLUSES CEASE, THE SARCOLEMMA RELEASES | CHOLINESTERASE WHICH INACTIVATES THE ACh |
| THE SODIUM IONS FLOW BACK TO THE SURFACE OF THE FIBER SO IT | RETURNS TO ITS NORMAL CHARGE STATE OF POSTIVIE MEMBRANE NEGATIVE CORE |
| MEMBRANE | THIN LAYER OF TISSUE THAT COVERS A SURFACE, LINES A CAVITIY OR DIVIDES A SPACE MADE OF EPITHELIAL OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| 4 TYPES OF MEMBRANES | MUCCOUS MEMBRANE SEROUS MEMBRANE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE |
| MUCCOUS MEMBRANE | LINES CAVITIES AND PASSGAES THAT OPEN TO THE EXTERIOR NASAL PASSGAE TO TRAP DIRT DUST POLLEN IS LINES WITH MUCCOUS MEMBRANES |
| SEROUS MEMBRANE | LINES THE CLOSED CAVITIES OF THE BODY |
| SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE | LINES THE SKELETAL JOINTS, TENDONS AND BURSAE |
| CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE | COVERS THE BODY AS SKIN |
| BURSAE | A SAC OF SYNOVIAL FLUID THAT HELPS TO REDUCE FRICTION BETWEEN A BONE AND A TENDON |
| 3 LAYERS OF SKIN | EPIDERMIS DERMIS HYPODERMIS |
| EPIDERMIS | THE OUTER PAYER OF SKIN MADE UP OF AN OUTER,DEAD PORTION AND A DEEPER, LIVING, CELLULAR PORTION |
| DERMIS | THE INNER LAYER OF SKIN CONSISTING OF PAPILLARY AND RETICULAR LAYERS AND CONTAINING BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS, NERVES AND NERVE ENDINGS, GLANDS AND HAIR FOLLICULES |
| HYPODERMIS | THE LAYER AREOLA TISSUE AND FAT THAT LIES BENEATH THE DERMIS |
| FUCNTION OF THE MUCCOUS MEMBRANE | FORMS A SELECTIVE FILTER THAT ALLOWS SOME SUBSTANCES TO ENTER THE BODY WHILE KEEPING OTHERS OUT SECREATES MUCOUS TO KEEP ITS CELLS MOIST, TO LUBRICATE ITS SURFACES AND TRAP FOREIGN MATERIALS |
| FUNCTIONS OF SEROUS MEMBRANE | PROVIDES THE VISCERAL LAYER THAT COVERS ORGANS ENCLOSED IN CAVITIES -PROVIDES THE PARIETAL LAYER THAT LINES CAVISITIES -SECRETES SEROUS FLUID TO SERVE AS A LUBRICANT AND PAD BETWEEN VISCERAL AND PARIETAL LAYERS |
| FUNCTIONS OF CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE | SECREATES SWEAT AND WASTES TO HELP MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS |
| FUNCTIONS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID | SECREATES SYNOVIAL FLUID TO PROVIDE LUBRICATION AND MOISTURE |
| VISCERAL | OF OR PERTAINING TO THE VISCERA OR INTERNAL ORGANS IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITIY |
| PARIETAL | OF OR PERTAINING TO THE OUTER WALL OF A CAVITIY OR ORGAN |
| ORGAN | A STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF 2 OR MORE TISSUES THAT PERFORM A SOECIFIC FUNSTION FOR THE BODY |
| WHAT TISSUE AND MEMBRANES ARE FOUND IN THE HEART | SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE FIBORUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE CARDIA MUSCLE TISSUE SEROUS MEMBRANE |
| IN THE HEART THE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE FORM WHAT | THE ENDOCARDIUM |
| IN THE HEART THE FIBORUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE FORMS | THE FIBORUS PERICARDIUM |
| IN THE HEART THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE FORMS | THE MYOCARDIUM |
| IN THE HEART THE SEROUS MEMBRANE FORMS | THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM |
| ENDOCARDIUM | THE LINING OF THE HEART AND CHAMBERS |
| PERICARDIUM | A SAC THAT SURROUNDS THE HEART |
| MYOCARDIUM | THE THICK MIDDLE LAYER OF THE HEART WALL |
| TYPES OF TISSUE AND MEMBRANES FOUND IN THE STOMACH | FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE MUCOUS MEMBRANE SEROUS MEMBRANE |
| IN THE STOMACH THE SEROUS MEMBRNAE FORMS | THE PERITONEUM |
| PERITONEUM | AN EXTENSIVE SEROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE ENTIRE ABDOMINAL WALL OF THE BODY |
| WHAT TISSUE AND MEMBRANE IS FOUND IN THE NERVES | NERVE TISSUE |
| WHAT TISSUE AND MEMBRANE IS FOUND IN THE BRAIN | NERVE TISSUE |
| WHAT TISSUE AND MEMBRANE IS FOUND IN THE LUNGS | ELASTIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE, EPITHELIAL TISSUE |
| ORGANS ARE COLLECTIONS OF TISSUE THAT ARE ORGANIZED IN | SUCH A WAY THAT THEY ARE ABLE TO PERFORM A SPECIFIC FUNCTION |
| OVERALL GOAL OF ORGANS IS TO | MAINTAIN A STATE OF HOMEOSTASIS |
| THE ORGANS HAVE FEEDBACK MECHANISMS THAT SEND SIGNALS TO THE | CNS ABOUT THE CONDITIONS THAT THEY MONITOR |
| THE CNS PROVIDES RESPONSE SIGNALS TO ORGANS IN ORDER TO | ACTUATE REGULATION MECHANISMS DESIGNED TO RETURN THE BODY TO HOMEOSTASIS |
| MANY OF THE RESPONSE MECHANISMS INVOLVE | PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL REACTIONS |
| ORGANS ARE ALSO INVOLVED IN THE TRANSPORT OF | MATERIALS THROUGHOUT THE BODY EX: BLOOD CARRIES OXYGEN DIGESTIVE CARRIES FOOD |
| MOST DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES IN ORGANS RESULT FROM | GENETIC DEFECTS OR HORMONAL DYSFUCNTIONS |
| APLASIA | A DEVELOPMENTAL FAILURE RESULTING IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ORGAN OR TISSUE |
| HYPOPLASIA | AN INCOMPLETE DEVELOPMENT OR UNDERDEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGAN OR TISSUE, WHICH IS USUALLY THE RESULT OF A DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS |
| ATROPHY | A WASTING OR DIMINUTION OF SIZE OR ACTIVITY OF A PART OF THE BODY, USUALLY THE RESULT OF AN ABNORMAL DECREASE IN CELL SIZE |
| HYPERTROPHY | AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF AN ORGAN CAUSED BY AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF THE CELLS RATHER THAN THE NUMBER OF CELLS |
| HYPERPLASIA | AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CELLS OF A BODY PART |
| DYSPLASIA | ANY ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF TISSUE OR ORGANS |
| ANAPLASIA | A CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OR ORINETATION OF CELLS CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRODUCTION OF ABNORMAL, UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS |
| ANAPLASIA IS CHARACTERISTIC OF A | MALIGNANCY |
| SURGICAL INCISION | THE SEPERATION OF INTACT TISSUE BY A SURGEON USING ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES |
| TRAUMATIC WOUND | AN INJURY TO LIVING BAODY TISSUE CAUSED BY AN EXTRINSIC AGENT (NOT A BODY PART) EX CUTS, PUNCTURE, ABRASIONS |
| INCISION | A SMOOTH SIDED WOUND, ESPECIALLY ONE MADE DURING SURGERY |
| ASEPTIC | FREE FROM PATHOGENS |
| TRAUMA | AN INJURY TO LIVING TISSUE CAUSED BY AN EXTRINSIC AGENT |
| EXTRINSIC | OUTSIDE OF AND NOT PART OF THE BODY |
| CHEMICAL REACTION | AN INJURY TO BODY TISSUE THAT IS THE RESULT OF A RESPONSE OF THE BODY TO EXPOSURE TO A CHEMICAL |
| EXTERNAL CHECMICAL REACTION MAY LEAD TO | BURNS, RASHES, INTERRUPTIONS IN CHEMICAL PROCESSESS AND OTHER PROBLEMS |
| INTERNAL CHEMCIAL REACTIONS CAN LEAD TO | IMMIDIATE DEATH FROM TOXIN OR INTERFERENCE WITH CELL FUNCTIONINGS AS WITH THE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL |
| EXTERNAL CHEMICALS CAN BE ABSORBED THROUGH | SKIN EYES MUCCOUS MEMBRANES AND OTHER PORTALS |
| FROSTBITE | LOCAL DAMAGE TO TISSUE AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO LOW TEMPATURES |
| BACTERIAL INFECTION | THE DEATH OF CELLS AS A RESULT OF THE ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS |
| BURN | DAMAGE TO TISSUE DUE TO EXPOSURE TO A HIGH ENERGY SOURCE EX:THERMAL,RADIATION,FRICTION |
| ABRASION | A WOUND CAUSED BY FRICTION BETWEEN THE TISSUE AND A MECHANICAL FOURCE |
| SCRAPE AKA | ABRASION |
| CONTUSION | A WOUND CAUSED BY A FORCE THAT DOES NOT BREAK THE SKIN BUT IS SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE DAMAGE TO SUBDERMAL TISSUES |
| BRUISE AKA | CONTUSION |
| SUBDERMAL | BELOW THE SKIN |
| AVULSION | A WOUND IN WHICH SKIN AND UNDERLYING TISSUE ARE PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY TORN AWAY |
| INCISED WOUND | A WOUND WITH SMOOTH EDGES CAUSED BY A SHARP SURFACE |
| LACERATED WOUND | A WOUND WITH IRREGULAR EDGES |
| PUNCTURE WOUND | A WOUND WITH LITTLE SURFACE AREA THAT HAS BEEN MADE BY A SHARP, SLENDER OBJECT |
| PERFORATED WOUND | A WOUND CAUSED BY AN OBJECT PASSING COMPLETELY THROUGH THE BODY OR A PORTION OF THE BODY |
| CRUSH WOUND | A WOUND THAT IS CAUSED BY PRESSURE THAT IS SUFFICIENT TO ALTER OR DESTROY TISSUE STRUCTURE MAY CAUSE SKIN TO RUPTURE,BREAK BONES,BURST BLOOD VESSELS, OR RUPTURE AND DIPLACE CELLS |
| RUBOR | IMMEDIATELY UPON THE OCCURANCE OF AN INSULT TO A SITE, THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THAT AREA CONSTRICTS AND THEN DIALATE, ALLOWING BLOOD TO POOL IN THE AREA AS THE VESSELS FILL AND BLOODIS UNABLE TO FLOW QUICKLY THROUGH THE UNDIALATED VESSELS BEYOND THE INJURED AREA |
| HEAT | WHITE BLOOD CELLS BEGIN TO ACCUMULATE IN THE INJURY, ATTATCHING TO THE BLOOD CELL VESSEL WALLS AND LEADING THE RELEASE STORED WHITE BLOOD CELLS. THE WHT BLOOD CELLS BEGIN TO PASS THROUGH THE WALLS OF THE BLOOD VESSELS TO FILL THE INTERSTITIAL SPACES, ATTRACTED BY CHEMICALS SUCH AS KININS RELEASED BY THE INJURED TISSUES. THE PURPOSE OF THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS ID TO ATTACK PATHOGENS THAT MAY HAVE ENTERED THE WOUND, THEY ALSO FILL THE ARA WITH CONCENTRATED WARMTH |
| PROCESS OF INFLAMMATION | RUBOR HEAT SWELLING PAIN |
| RUBOR | REDNESS |
| KININ | A POLYPEPTIDE HORMONE THAT FORMS IN THE TISSUE AND HAS ITS CHEIF EFFECT ON SMOOTH MUSCLE |
| SWELLING | AS WHITE BLOOD CELLS, CHEMICALS, FLUIDS THAT LEAK FROM DAMAGED BLOOD VESSELS AND CELLS AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY EXCUDATE ENTER THE INTESTITIAL AREAS, THE INJURY SITE BEGINS TO BULDGE. CERTAIN PROTEINS IN THE INTESTITIAL SOLUTION TRANSFORMS INTO FIBRIN TO FORM CLOTS THAT SELA THE AREA. THIS HELPS TO ISOLATE THE SITE SO THAT PATHOGENS ARE CONTAINED AND INFECTION IS MORE EASILY PREVENTED. THIS ACCUMULATION OF BODY FLUID IS REFFERED TO AS EDEMA |
| FIBRIN | A STRINGY, INSOLUBLE PROTEIN PRODUCED IN THE CLOTTING PROCESS |
| PAIN | THE INFLAMMATORY EXCUDATE, ESPECIALLY THE CHEMICALS RELEASED BY THE INJURED CELLS, RSULT IN PAIN. THE PAIN MAY HELP TO PROTECT THE SITE BY TELLING THE ORGANISM TO GIVE IT ATTENTION AND TO BE CAREFUL WITH IT |
| PHASES OF HEALING | LAG HEALING MATURATION |
| LAG PHASE | EXUDATE CONTAING BLOOD,LYMPH AND FIBRINOGEN BEGINS CLOTTING AND LOOSELY BINDS THE CUT EDGES TOGETHER FIBRIN, CLOTTING BLOOD, AND SERUM PROTEIN DRY OUT, FORMING A SCAB TO SEAL THE WOUND LEUKOCYTES REMOVE BACTERIA AND DAMGED TISSUE DEBRIS |
| FIBRINOGEN | A PROTEIN PRODUCED BY THE LIVER THAT IS CONVERTED INTO FIBRIN BY THROMBIN TO PROMOTE CLOTTING AT AN INJURY SITE |
| LEUKOCYTE | WHITE BLOOD CELL |
| HEALING PHASE | FIBROBLASTS MULTIPLY RAPIDLY TO BRIDGE THE WOUND GAP, SECRETING FIBER FORMING COLLAGEN TENSILE STRENGTH GROWS RAPIDLY AS THE COLLAGEN NETWORK OF FIBERS BUILD NEW CELLS FORM TO REPLACE CELLS THAT WERE DAMAGED BY THE INJURY |
| FIBROBLAST | CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELL THAT PRODUCES COLLAGEN AND ELASTIN FIBERS |
| COLLAGEN | A PROTEIN THAT COMPOSES STRONG FIBERS IN SEVERAL TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| TENSILE STRENGTH | A MATERIALS RESISTANCE TO BEING TORN APART BY OPPOSING FORCES |
| MATURATON PHASE (REMODELING PHASE) | SCAR TISSUE FORMS THE COLLAGEN REFORMS INTO CROSS LINKS THAT FURTHER INCREASE TENSILE STRENGTH AS COLLAGEN DENSITY INCREASES, THE VASCULAR MAKEUP OF THE SITE DECREASES. REDUCING BLOOD FLOW IN THE AREA SO THAT THE COLOR OF THE SITE BECOMES CLOSER TO NORMAL |
| SCAR | A MARK LEFT ON THE SKIN AS A RESULT OF AN INJURY |
| APPROXIMATE | TO BRING 2 TISSUE SURFACES CLSOE TOGTHER, AS IN THE REPAIR OF A WOUND |
| GRANULATION TISSUE | ANY SOFT, PINK, FLESHY PROJECTION THAT FORM DURING THE HEALING PROCESS IN A WOUND NOT HEALING BY FIRST INTENTION CONSISTS OF MANY CAPILLARIES SURROUNDED BY FIBORUS COLLAGEN |
| FIRST INTENTION TREATMENT | CLOSED WITH SUTURE RIGHT AFTER NO POST-OP SWELLLING NO SEROUS DISCHARGE OR INFECTION MINIMAL SEPERATION OF EDGES MINIMAL SCAR FORMATION HEALING BY PRIMARY UNION HEALING IS RELATIVELY FAST |
| SUTURE | A STITCH PLACED IN TISSUE TO HOLD THE SIDES OF A WOUND TOGETHER DURING THE HEALING PROCESS |
| OOZE FROM A WOUND CONSISTS OF | WATERY DISCHARGE, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, DEAD CELLS AND FRAGMENTS OF PATHOGENS |
| PRIMARY UNION | THE SITUATION IN WHICH SEVERED TISSUE IS ESSENTIALLY REUNITED WITH THE TISSUE FROM WHICH IT WAS ORIGINALLY SEPERATED AND THAT THE HEALING PROCESS BEGINS WITHOUT DISRUPTIONS FROM SWELLING,CONTAMINATION, INFECTION AND OTHER FECTORS |
| SECOND INTENTION TREATMENT | WOUND NOT CLOSED WITH A SUTURE EXCESSIVE LOSS OF TISSUE POORLY APPROXIMATED TISSUE SEROUS DISCHARGE AND INFECTION EXCESSIVE SEPERATION OF EDGES SIGNIFICANT SCAR FORMATION (( HEALING MAY PRODUCE A WEAK UNION WITH GRNULATION TISSUE FORMING IN THE BOTTOM OF THE WOUND AND SLOWLY CONTRACTING THE WOUND TOGETHER AS IT BUILDS UP) HEALING TAKES LONGER THAN NORMAL |
| THIRD INTENTION TREATMENT ( DELAYED HEALING) | CLOSED WITH SUTURE BUT NOT RIGHT AWAY LOSS OF TISSUE FROM INFECTION OR COMPLICATION SEROUS DISCHARGE AND INFECTION --EXCESSIVE SEPERATION OF EDGES DUE TO DISRUPTION IN HEALING DEEPR AND WIDER SCAR WEAK UNION SOME GRANULATION HEALING TAKES LONGER THEN NORMAL |
| FACTORS THAT AFFECT HEALING | AGE NUTRITION STATUS ELECTROLYTE BALANCE PHYSICAL CONDITION SURG TECHNIQUE INFECTION THERAPY COMPLICATIONS EXCERCISE |
| VITALITY | THE ABILITY TO CARRY OUT LIFE FUNCTIONS EFFECIENTLY |
| NUTRITIONAL NUTRIENTS NEEDED FOR PROPER HEALING | VITAMINS A B C PROTEIN ZINC CARBS |
| HEMORRHAGE | THE LOSS OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF BLOOD IN A SHORT TIME CAUSED BY A FAILURE OF OPEN BLOOD VESSELS TO ADEQUATELY CLOTOR TO REMAIN SEALED LOSS OF BLOOD REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS |
| CLOTTING IS IMPORTANT TO HEALING BEAUSE IT | HELPS SEAL THE WOUND BUT HEMOPHILLIA AND ANEMIA MAY PREVENT THE BLOOD FROM CLOTTING |
| SINUS TRACT FORMATION | THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHANNELS THAT PERMIT THE ESCAPE OF PURULENT MATERIALS FROM POCKETS OF PUS AND OTHER FLUIDS |
| WOUND DISRUPTION | ONE OF THE CONDITIONS-DEHISCENCE, EVISCERATION OR EVENTRATION-THAT INTERRUPTS THE WOUND HEALING PROCESS DURING THE POST 4TH TO 6TH DAY THESE CAN OCCUR . POOR SURGICAL TECHNIQUE |
| DEHISCENCE | THE SEPERATION OF THE LAYERS OF A SURGICAL WOUND |
| EVISCERATION | THE EXTRUSION OF INTERNAL ORGANS OR VISCERA THROUGH A DEHISCENCE |
| EVENTRATION | THE PARTIAL PROTRUSION OF THE ABDOMINAL CONTENTS THROUGH AN OPENING IN THE AB WALL |
| CLASS 1 | 1 TO 5% INFECTION RATE DONE BY CHOICE UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS PRIMARY CLOSURE WITH NO DRAINAGE NO BREAKS IN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE NO INFLAMMATION NO ENTRY TO DIRTY AREAS |
| DIRTY AREAS | ALIMENTRY GENITOURINARY RESPIRATORY OROPHARYNGEAL |
| CLEAN/CONTAMINATED (CLASS2) | 8 TO 11% INFECTION RATE PROCEDURE UNDER NEAR IDEAL CONDITIONS NORMAL DRAINAGE MINOR BREAKS IN ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE NO INFLAMMATION ENTRY TO DIRTY AREAS UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS |
| CONTAMINATED (CLASS3) | 15 TO 20% INFECTION RATE LESS THAN IDEAL CONDITIONS OPEN FRESH TRAUMATIC WOUND LESS THAN 4 HOURS OLD MAJOR BREAKS IN ASPETIC TECH. SHOWS ACUTE NON PURULENT INFLAMMATION -ENTRY INTO AREA WITH GROSS SPILAGE OR SMILIAR |
| INFECTED (CLASS4) | 27 TO 40% INFECTION RATE LESS THAN IDEAL CONDITIONS PRIMARY CLOSURE NO DRAINAGE MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION B4 PROCEDURE ACUTE BACTERIAL INFLAMMATION MYHV PUS INVOLVED EXPOSURE TO A PERFORATED ORGAN, SUCH AS A BOWEL |
| PERFORATED ORGAN | AN ORGAN PUNCTURED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE CONTENTS OF THE ORGAN COULD EXUDE ONTO OTHER STRUCTURES |
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