gov chapter 7
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 political party | a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office by supplying them with a label- a party identification"- by which they are known to the electorate |
| mugwumps (progressives) | the faction in the republican party of the 1890s to the 1910s composed of reformers who opposed the use of patronage and party bosses and favored the leadership of experts. after 1910 they evolved into a nonpartisan "good government" movement that sought to open up the political system and curb the abuses of parties |
| critical or realigning periods | periods during which a sharp, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties. The issues that separate the two parties change, and so the kinds of voter supporting each party change |
| split ticket | voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election |
| straight ticket | voting for candidates who are all of the same party |
| office-bloc ballot | a ballot listing all candidates for a give office under the same name of that office; a.k.a. "Massachusetts" ballot |
| party-column ballot | a ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party; a.k.a "Indiana" ballot |
| national convention | a meeting of party delegates elected in state primaries, caucuses, or conventions that is held every four years. its primary purpose is to nominate presidential and vice presidential candidates and to ratify a campaign platform |
| national committee | a committee of delegates from each state and territory that runs party affairs between national conventions |
| congressional campaign committee | a party committee in Congress that provides funds to members who are running for reelection or to would-be members running for an open seat or challenging a candidate from the opposition party |
| national chairman | a paid, full-time manager of a party's day-to-day work who is elected by the national committee |
| super delegates | party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses. party rules determine the percentage of delegates seats reserved for party officials |
| political machines | a party organization that recruits its members by dispensing patronage- tangible incentives such as money, political jobs, or to get favors from the government- and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity |
| ideological party | a party that values principled stands on issues above all else, including winning. it claims to have a comprehensive view of American society and government radically different from that of the established parties |
| solidarity incentives | the social rewards that lead people to join local or state political organizations. people who find politics fun and want to meet others who share their interests are said to respond to these |
| sponsored party | a local or state political party that is largely staffed and funded by another organization with established networks in the community |
| personal following | the political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks |
| two-party system | an electoral system with two dominant parties the compete in state or national elections |
| plurality system | an electoral system, used in almost all american elections, in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes, even if he or she does not receive a majority of the votes |
| caucus (congressional) | an association of members of congress created to advocate a political ideology or a regional, ethnic, or economic interests |
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