neoplasia
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 parenchyma | proliferated cells of tumors |
| stroma | connective tissue of tumors |
| anaplasia | lack of differetiation malignant 1. variable sizes and shapes 2. atypical mitosis 3. enlarged, hyperchromatic nuclei 4. tumor giant cells 5. orientation disturbed |
| well-differentiated malignant cells | maturation or specialization of undifferentiated cells as they proliferate |
| undifferentiated | proliferation without maturation |
| displasia | loss of uniformity of the individual cells no invasion of basement membrane carcinoma in situ |
| invasion | aka direct expension malignant cancers expand outside the tissue of origin benign tumors develop a fibrous capsule |
| matastasis | spread of a malignant tumor to another site not directly connected to it benign tumors do not matastasize |
| ways of matastasis | 1. direct seeding 2. lymphatic spread 3. hematogenous spread |
| direct seeding | a malignant tumor penetrates into a cavity |
| lymphatic spread | usually carcinomas lymph node and drainage route regional lymph nodes serve as a barrier lung: perihilar tracheobronchial and mediastinal nodes breast: axilla |
| hematogenous spread | usually sarcomas veins, venules (thinner walls) liver and lung are most common sites |
| growth rate of tumors | related to the fact that more cells are produced than die |
| cause of most cancers | smoking obesity, inactivity, nutrition infection |
| familial cancers | early age onset tumors arising in 2 or more relatives of the index case multiple tumors |
| acquired preneoplastic disorders | lesions happen before cancers |
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