BSC Urinary
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reachfordreams on November 8, 2010
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95 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Kidney | Regulation of blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, blood osmolarity, blood glucose level, production of hormones, and excretion of wastes are all functions of this organ |
| Renal Hilium | An indent in the kidney where ureter emerges along with blood vessel, lymph vessels, and nerves |
| Renal capsule | Deepest layer of tissue in kidney and ureters; resists trauma |
| Adipose capsule | Middle layer of kidney tissue; resists trauma and holds kidney in place |
| Renal Fascia | Superficial layer of kidney; thin layer of CT that anchors kidney to surrounding structures and abdominal wall. |
| Liver | Right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney because of the |
| Right | This kidney is slightly more inferior than the other |
| Renal cortex | Superficial region of internal kidney |
| Renal medulla | deeper region of internal kidney |
| Renal columns | Sections of renal cortex that come between the renal medulla |
| Renal pyramids | Triangular sections of renal medulla that are separrated by renal columns are referred to as |
| Renal pyramids | These are the functional units of the renal MEDULLA (not the whole kidney). |
| Inner juxtamedullary zone | This area is between the renal cortex and medulla |
| Parenchyma | The functional portion of any organ |
| Nephron | The single most important functional unit of the KIDNEY (not the medulla). |
| Nephron | These structures in the kidney are a fixed number when born. |
| Papillary duct | From nephron, urine goes to |
| calyx | From papillary duct, urine goes to |
| Renal pelvis | From calyx, urine goes to |
| Ureter | From renal pelvis, urine goes to |
| Bladder | From ureter, urine goes to |
| Urethra | From bladder, urine goes to |
| Cortex | Nephrons reside mostly in this section of the kidney |
| .5 | Kidneys contribute this percent to body mass |
| 20-25 | Kidneys recieve this percent of resting cardiac output |
| Arteriole | Each nephron receives one afferent |
| Glomerulus | Capillary network as a ball in the nephron |
| Arteriole | Each nephron has one efferent |
| Sympathetic | Renal nerves are part of this nervous system |
| Peritubular capillaries | After leaving the nephron's efferent arteriole, blood travels to |
| Interlobular veins | After the peritubular capillaries, blood goes to |
| Corpuscle | This is the part of a nephron where filtration of blood plasma occurs |
| Tubule | This is the part of a nephron that receives filtered fluid |
| Glomerular capsule | Double-walled cup surrounding glomerulus |
| Bowman's | The glomerular capsule is aka the ___ capsule |
| Proximal convoluted | This part of the tubule comes first |
| Loop of Henle | This is the middle part of the tubule |
| Descending ascending | The Loop of Henle is subdivided into the ___ and ___ sections. |
| Nephron Loop | The loop of Henle is aka |
| Distal convoluted | This part of the tubule comes last |
| Collecting duct | Tubules dump their contents into |
| Cortical | These nephrons are mostly in the cortex |
| Juxtamedullary | These nephrons are right on the border between the cortex and medulla |
| 80-85 | This percent of nephrons are cortical |
| 15-20 | This percent of nephrons are juxtamedullary |
| Juxtamedullary | Loop of Henle is much longer in these nephrons |
| Thicker | Juxtamedullary nephron loops of Henle are |
| fluid balance | The thicker and longer loops of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons allow the kidneys to perform this function |
| Podocytes | These cells make little "feet" around the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule |
| Bowman's Space | Fluid filtered from blood in a Bowman's capsule goes first into the |
| Brush border | Proximal convoluted tubule has this which increases surface area |
| Macula Densa | Cluster of cells in ascending loop of Henle that senses fluid volume and sends regulating signals to blood vessels for volume of flow. |
| Juxtaglomerular | These cells in afferent and efferent arterioles contain smooth muscle fibers that regulate blood flow into and out of the nephron. |
| Principal | These cells in distal convoluted tubule are receptors for Antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone |
| Intercalated | These cells in distal convoluted tubule help regulate blood pH. |
| 150-180 | This many liters become glomerular filtrate in a day |
| 99 | This percent of fluid is reabsorbed into the blood after filtration |
| Net filtration pressure | Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure - capsular hydrostatic pressure - blood colloid osmotic pressure = |
| Glomerular filtration rate | The amount of filtrate formed in all the renal corpuscles of both kidneys each minute |
| Homeostasis | A relatively constant GFR is required for |
| High | substances pass too quickly and are not reabsorbed when GFR is too |
| Low | Nearly all substances are reabsorbed and some waste products are not filtered when GFR is too |
| Myogenic | This GFR regulatory mechanism triggers contraction of smooth muscle when aferent arterioles stretch. |
| Tubuloglomerular | This GFR regulatory mechanism inhibits the release of NO, causing afferent arterioles to constrict |
| Angiotensin II | This hormone is made in the kidneys to vasoconstrict renal vessels |
| Atrial naturietic hormone | This hormone is made in the heart and increases GFR by vasodilation |
| Na+ | Reabsorption of this ion regulates how other substances are reabsorbed |
| Proximal convoluted tubule | Most water is reabsorbed in this part of the nephron |
| Symporters | Things that transport glucose, amino acids, and other solutes along with sodium |
| Antiporter | This causes Na+ to by reabsorbed and H+ to be secreted |
| Parathyroid hormone | This hormone stimulates reabsorption of Ca+ from the distal convoluted tubule |
| Distal Convoluted Tubule | Parathyroid hormone stimulates the reabsorption of calcium in this part of the nephron |
| Angiotensin II | This hormone is released when blood volume and pressure decrease |
| Aldosterone | Angiotensin II stimulates this hormone from the adrenal cortex |
| Antidiuretic hormone | Increases water permeability of cells by inserting aquaporin-2 in last part of DCT and collecting duct |
| Vasopressin | Another name for antidiuretic hormone |
| ADH | This hormone controls whether urine is dilute or concentrated |
| dilute | Low levels of ADH will produce a ___ urine. |
| concentrated | High levels of ADH will produce a ___ urine. |
| Isotonic | Blood plasma and filtrate in the PCT are ___ to each other |
| Increases | Osmolarity increases/decreases in the descending Loop of Henle |
| Decreases | Osmolarity increases/decreases in the ascending Loop of Henle |
| Descending | Osmolarity increases in the ___ Loop of Henle |
| Ascending | Osmolarity decreases in the ___ Loop of Henle |
| Water | The DCT is thicker to prevent ___ from leaving or entering |
| Countercurrent flow | When filtrate is traveling in one direction and blood is traveling in the opposite direction in vessels adjacent to each other, this is called |
| Countercurrent multiplication | Process by which a progressively increasing osmotic gradient is formed as a result of countercurrent flow. |
| Vasa Recta | Capillaries around nephrons |
| Urinalysis | Analysis of volume, physical, and chemical attributes of urine |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen | A blood test that measures blood nitrogen that is part of the urea resulting from catabolism and deamination of amino acids |
| Renal plasma clearance | Volume of blood cleared of a substance per unit of time*** |
| Transitional Epithelium | Bladder is made of this tissue type |
| 700-800 | Bladder can hold this much urine in mL |
| Micturition | The act of urinating is called |
| Micturition center | Area in spinal cord triggering reflex to urinate |
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