Chapter 17 Vocabulary AP Bio

5 Written Questions

1. within ex: intron
2. A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA
3. An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA when transcribed from a protein-coding gene
4. The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
5. The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis.

5 Matching Questions

1. mutation
2. frameshift mutation
3. exo-
4. one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
5. messenger RNA (mRNA)

1. a A mutation occurring when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, resulting in the improper grouping of the following nucleotides into codons.
2. b The premise that a gene is a segment of DNA that codes for one polypeptide.
3. c A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
4. d A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
5. e out, outside, without

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A coding region of a eukaryotic gene or expressed region
   1. intron
   2. exon
   3. exo-
   4. codon
2. The modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides.
   1. poly-
   2. anti-
   3. poly-A tail
   4. promoter
3. opposite ex: anticodon
   1. intro-
   2. anti-
   3. intron
   4. trans-
4. A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits.
   1. spliceosome
   2. ribozyme
   3. P site
   4. ribosome
5. The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
   1. transcription unit
   2. insertion
   3. transcription
   4. translation

5 True/False Questions

1. trans- → opposite ex: anticodon

   True        False

2. 5' cap → The modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides.

   True        False

3. RNA polymerase → An enzymatic RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing.

   True        False

4. spliceosome → A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits.

   True        False

5. P site → One of a ribosome's three binding sites for tRNA during translation. The place where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome.

   True        False