Ch. 10: cell growth & division
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mitosis | division of the cell nucleus |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm; each daughter cell has identical set of duplicate chromosomes |
| chromatid | 1 of 2 identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | usually located near the middle of the chromatids; where chromatids are attached |
| interphase | "in-between" period of growth |
| cell cycle | the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide; cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into 2 daghter cells |
| prophase | the 1st and longest phase of mitosis--50 to 60% of total time; chromosomes become visible; centrioles separate and spindle begins to form; nuclear envelope breaks down |
| centrioles | 2 tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near nuclear envelope |
| spindle | fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes |
| metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up across center of cell; each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere |
| anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis; sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart; ends when chromosomes stop moving |
| telophase | 4th and final stage of mitosis; chromosomes gather at opp ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes; 2 new nuclear envelopes will form; mitosis is done, but cell division isn't |
| cyclin | regulates the cell cycle; regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells |
| cancer | disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose ability to control growth; does not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells |
| cell division | process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells |
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