| Term | Definition |
| Magna Carta | A document that made the king subject to the law |
| Mayflower Compact | A document written by pilgrims establishing the laws of the colony and setting guidelines for self-government |
| English Bill of Rights | A document that declared the supremacy of the Parliment |
| Absolutism | A system of government in which all power rests with a monarch or a dictator |
| Thomas Hobbes | An Englishman who believed in absolutism and the monarchy |
| Social Contract | An agreement in which people give up some of their rights and powers to have the benefit of government |
| John Locke | An Englishman who believed in natural rights and whose thinking became a model for the Declaration of Independence |
| Natural Rights | Rights that belong to people simply because they are human beings. These rights are life, liberty, and property |
| Baron de Montesquieu | A Frenchman who established the idea of separation of powers |
| Separation of Powers | A system of government in which each branch of government has different responsibilities which act as a check on the power of the other branches |
| Enlightenment | A system of thought in which people put their trust in reason -- their ability to think |