Reproductive
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susanhoffpauir on November 10, 2010
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 PURPOSE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | continue tthe human species by the production of offspring |
| GAMITES | sperm and egg cells |
| MEOISIS | cell division oogenesis in women spermatogenesis in men |
| DIPOLOID | 46 chromosomes |
| HAPLOID | 23 chromosomes |
| SPERMATOGENESIS | no cycle/takes place in testes/4 functional sperm are produced for each sperm that undergoes meoisis sperm production begins at puberty 10-14 million sperm formed each day |
| MEN-FSH | (ant. pit.) initiates sperm production |
| MEN-LH | (ant. pit.) stimulates production and secretion of testosterone which promotes maturation of FSH |
| INHIBIN | (produced by testes) decreases the secretion of FSH |
| OOGENESIS | cyclic (28 days)/ process of meoisis for egg formation/takes place in ovaries/begins at puberty ends at menopause |
| WOMEN-FSH | initiates growth of ovarian follicle/one egg for each cell that undergoes meoisis/stimulates secretion of estrogen |
| MALE REPRODUCTIVE | testes |
| SCROTUM | location of testes/sac between upper thighs/temp 96 (necessary for vialble sperm) |
| CRYPTOCHIDISM | testes fail to descend after birth |
| SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES | spermatogenesis takes place (sperm produced) |
| SUSTACULAR CELLS | between seminiferous tubules --when stimulated by testosterone produce inhibin and intersittial cells which when stimulated by LH produce testosterone |
| EPIDIDYMIS | transport sperm from testes to the ductus defrans (vas defrans) coiled on the posterior surface of each testes -sperm complete maturation and flagella become functional |
| VAS DEFRENS | aka: ductus defrens sperm propelled from epididymus to this site--extends from epididymus in scrotum to abdominal cavity through inguinal canal |
| INGUINAL CANAL | opening for spermatic cord--sheath that contains vas deferens, testicular blood vessels and nerves |
| MOST COMMON SITE FOR HERNIA IN MEN | inguinal canal |
| WHAT DOES VAS DEFERENS JOIN WITH | ejaculating duct |
| VAS DEFRENS DURING EJACULATION | it contracts |
| PATH OF SPERM | epididymus--ductus defrens (vas defrens) -->ejaculatory duct-->urethra |
| EJACULATORY DUCT | 2 ducts receive sperm from ductus defrens and secretion of seminal vessicle empties into single urethra |
| SEMINAL VESSICLES | paired and are posterior to urinary bladder secretion contains frustose and energy source for sperm and alkaline to ehance motility |
| WHY SPERM IS ALKALYTIC | helps to make its way through acidic vagina |
| SHAPE AND LOCATION OF PROSTATE GLAND | shaped like a doughnut muscular gland below urinary bladder surrounds first inch of the urethra |
| FUNCTION OF PROSTATE GLAND | secretes alkaline fluid that helps maintain sperm motility smooth muscle ejaculation-promotes sperm motility |
| BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS | AKA: cowpers glands (look like peas) located below the prostate gland and empty into urethra |
| pH DURING EJACULATION | a alkaline secretion coats the interior of the urethra just before ejaculation-this neutralizes any acid urine that may be present |
| URETHRA AND PENIS | last duct for seman to travel longest portion enclosed in penis |
| PENIS | external genital organ distal end of flans penis covered with fold of skin called prepuce/foreskin |
| CIRCUMCISION | the surgical removal of foreskin |
| CAVERNOUS ERECTILE TISSUE | 3 masses of caverous erectile tissue--the erection occurs when the arteries to penis dilate and the cavernous tissue fills with blood |
| EJACULATION | involves peristalsis of the male ducts and contraction of prostate glands |
| SEMAN | consists of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vessicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral gland |
| pH of SEMAN | 7.4 (alkalytic) |
| QUANTITY OF SEMAN EXPELLED | 2-4 mL and each mL has about 100million sperm cells |
| WHAT PART OF SPERM CONTAINS CHROMOSOMES | the head |
| HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES DOES SPERM HAVE | 23 (haploid) |
| ACROSOME | the part of the sperm cell that contains enzymes to digest the membrane of the egg cell |
| FLAGELLA | th part of the sperm that provide motility |
| PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina & external genetalia |
| LOCATION OF OVARIES | lateral to uterus in pelvic cavity |
| OVARIES | several thousand primary follicles present at birth in ovary each primary follicle has oocytes (potential egg) |
| FOLLICLE CELLS | secrete estrogen |
| HORMONES NECESSARY FOR PRODUCTION OF MATURE OVA | FSH & Estrogen |
| GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE | AKA: mature follicle |
| WOMEN LH | the hormone that promotes ovulation (rupture of the mature follicle with the release of the ovum) stimulates secretion of progesterone |
| CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE OVARY | secretes the hormone progesterone and FSH |
| WHERE ARE THE FALLOPIAN TUBES | 2 fallopian tubes extends from ovary laterally to uterus |
| FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES | ovum propelled through the fallopian tube by sweeping of the ciliated epithelial and the peristalsis of smooth muscle |
| FALLOPIAN TUBE & FERTILIZATION | fertilization usually takes place in fallopian tube fertilized ovum becomes a zygote and is swept into the uterus |
| EPTOPIC PREGNANCY | if zygote remains in fallopian tube |
| UTERUS LOCATION | superior to the urinary bladder, between the 2 ovaries in the pelvic cavity |
| FUNDUS | upper portion of the uterus |
| BODY OF UTERUS | large central portion |
| CERVIX | narrow lower end of uterus opens into vajgina |
| EPIMETRIUM | the outermost layer of uterus |
| MYOMETRIUM | smooth muscle middle layer contracts for delivery of the infant |
| ENDOMETRIUM | lining of uterus-hormones are directly necessary for the growth of blood vessels in the endometrium (estrogen & progesterone) |
| MATERNAL PORTION | endometrium (lining uterus) |
| FUNCTIONAL LAYER | part of endometrium that is lost in menstruation-generates new layer each cycle |
| BASILAR LAYER | not lost during menstruation |
| VAGINA | the birth canal for the delivery of infant at end of gestation |
| LOCATION OF VAGINA | posterior to urethra and anterior to rectum |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE VAGINA | receive sperm from penis serves as exit for menstral flow serve as birth canal |
| COMPOSITION OF VAGINA | after puberty the mucosa is stratified squamous relatively resistant to pathogens acid pH |
| EXTERNAL GENETALIA | vulva including clitoris, labia majora and minora and bartholins glands |
| CLITORIS | small mass of erectile tissue anterior to urethral opening --only function is sensory |
| MONS PUBIS | pad of fat over the pubic symphasis covered with skin and pubic hair |
| LABIA MAJORA & LABIA MINORA | paired folds of skin the urethral and vaginal openings are covered and protected by them lateral to the urethral and vaginal orifaces |
| BARTHOLINS GLANDS | secrete mucus at the vaginal oriface, lubricates vagina during sexual intercourse |
| MAMMARY GLANDS | anterior to the pectoralis major muscle milk produced after pregnancy in the aveolar glands |
| AVEOLAR | where milk is produced after pregnancy |
| PROLACTIN | hormone that stimulates milk production |
| OXYTOCIN | hormone that stimulates release of milk from mammory glands |
| AREOLA | pigmented skin and nipple |
| ESTROGEN | stimulates the growth of ducts of the mammary glands |
| PROGESTERONE | stimulates growth of secretory cells of mammary glands |
| 4 HORMONES INVOLVED IN MENSTRAL CYCLE | FSH-ant. pit. LH-ant. pit. ESTROGEN-ovarian follicles PROGESTERON-corpus luteum |
| 3 PHASES OF MENSTRAL CYCLE | menstral phase follicular phase luteal phase |
| MENSTRAL PHASE | functional layer lost menstruation because of decreased progesterone |
| FOLLICULAR PHASE | FSH and estrogen promote growth and maturation of ovum |
| WHAT STIMULATES MENSTRUATION | decrease in progesterone |
| LUTEAL PHASE | corpus luteum develops trough stimulation of hormone LH ovulation stimulated by hormone LH |
| WHAT HORMON STIMULATES OVULATION | LH |
| AMENORRHEA | cessation of menses (strenuous exercise can cause this) |
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