chemistry 2a
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Element | A substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means. Composed of only one kind of atom. |
| Atom | Basic unit of matter. Smallest particale of an element that has the same characteristics of the element |
| Protons | Postiviley charged, 3 quarks, nucleus of atoms,baryon |
| Electrons | Negativley charged, orbits nucleus, kepton |
| Neutrons | Neutrally charged, 3 quarks, nucleus of the atom, baryon. |
| Quarks | Subatomic particle that composes protons and neutrons. Up,down,bottom,top,strange,charmed. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons. |
| Ion | Atoms of the same element that differ due to the gain or loss of electrons. |
| Cation | Lossing an electron. |
| Anion | Gaining an electron |
| Compound | A substance composed of 2 or more atoms of different elements joined by a chemical bond. |
| Isomer | Two or more chemical compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structures. |
| Covalent bond. | Abond that is made when atoms share electrons. |
| Ionic bond | A band that is made when atoms transfer electrons. |
| Redox reaction | When a reactant losses an e-. |
| Chemical bonding | Fusing two atoms. |
| Physical change | Mixing together of two or more compounds. The compounds do not change chemically. |
| Solution homogenous | Compounds that dissolve into each other. Ex. Salt water. |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved. Ex salt. |
| Solvent | The substance that withhold the solute. Ex water. |
| Saturated solution | Can not fit more solute |
| Diluted solution | Room to fit more solute. |
| Suspension heterogenus | A mixture when the substances do not dissolve into each other. |
| Colloid | Items mix, but not on a microscopic level. Ex. Kool-Aid. |
| Chemical reaction | Process where two or more compounds mix and chemical bonds are broekn then reformed. Thermal, mechanical, electrical, kenetic, atomic, redient, chemical. |
| Reactant | Compounds that go into the reaction, the left side of a chemical change. |
| Product | The result of a chemical change, right side. |
| Enzymes | Speeds up the reaction by lowering the amount of activation energy. |
| Activation energy | The energy that breaks chemical bonds. |
| Acids | Below 7 on the pH scale, turns litmus from blue to red, proton donors. Makes H+ ions. |
| Bases | Compounds that from OH ions when in the solution. Between 7-14 on the pH scale, litmus from red to blue, alakine. |
| pH scale | Determines if a solution is acid or base. pH2 has 10 times more H+ |
| Water dissociation | Water can react when in solution and being broken into H+ and OH- |
| Buffer | Compound that helps to neutralize a strong acid or strong base solution. Changes the pH level. |
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