9th grade science ch10
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 genetic | the branch of biology that deals with heredity |
| pollination | transfer of pollen grains |
| zygote | fertilized cell |
| fertilization | uniting of female and male gametes |
| hybrids | offspring of parents that have different forms of traits |
| alleles | different gene forms |
| rules of dominance | only one trait was visible in F1 generation, the dominant trait |
| laws of the independent assortment | the genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| homologous | two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell |
| meiosis | cell division, produces gametes with half number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell |
| interphase | cell replicates its chromosomes |
| laws of segregation | two alleles for each trait must seperate when gametes are formed |
| dihybrid cross | a cross involving two different traits |
| prophase 1 | chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes |
| metaphase 1 | doubled chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and pulled to the middle and lined up |
| anaphase 1 | sister chromatids pull apart |
| telophase 1 | chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell |
| genetic combinations | the ressortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry; either by crossing over or by independent segregationof homologous chromosomes |
| nondisjunction | failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meiosis |
| polyploidy | organisms with more than the usual number of chromosome sets |
| four haploid cells | At beginning of meiosis you have one diploid(2n) cell. At the end of meiosis you have? |
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