vir die vogende toets op stellenbosch - bloed
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fluid tissue | the type of tissue blood is |
| components of blood | are both solid and liquid |
| arrangement of FORMED elements in blood after being spun in centrifuge | arranges at the bottom |
| formed elements are | living blood cells |
| non living matrix in which living blood cells are suspended | plasma |
| arrangement of PLASMA after being spun in centrifuge | arranges at top |
| erythrocytes(RBS) | red blood cells that function in oxygen transport, doesnt contain nucleus |
| buffy coat | then layer at the junction between formed elements and the plasma |
| consistency of buffy coat | leukocytes and plateletts |
| leukocytes | white blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body, contains a nucleus |
| plateletts | fragments of multinucleate cells that function in the blood clotting process |
| hematocrit | percentage (45%) known as amount of erythocytes in blood |
| 55% | amount plasma makes up in the blood |
| color of oxygen rich blood | scarlet |
| color of oxygen poor blood | dull red |
| temperature of blood | 38oC, slightly higher than body temperature |
| 5-6 litres | volume of blood in a healthy male |
| 3 kinds of plasma proteins | albumin, fibrinogen, globulins |
| function of albumin | osmotic balance and ph buffering - keeps water in the bloodstream |
| function of fibrinogen | clotting of blood, stem blood loss, protects body from pathogens |
| function of globulins | defense(antibodies) and lipid transport |
| part of body that makes plasma protein | liver |
| acidoses | when blood becomes to acidic |
| alkalosis | when blood becomes to basic |
| systems called in to action when blood becomes too acidy or basic | respiratory system and kidneys |
| function of bloodpasma | creates osmotic balance, transports substances around the body and distributes body heat evenly |
| nutrients in blood | simplex substances that can be taken up by the cell |
| types of nutrients in blood | glucose, fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins |
| substances transported in bloodplasma | salts, nutrients, waste products of metabolism( uric acid ) and respiratory gasses, hormones |
| anucleate | characteristic of an erythocyts, no cell nucleous, can not divide, grow or provide protein synthesis |
| hemoglobin | an iron bearing protein, transporting bulk of oxygen that is carried in the blood |
| anaerobic mechanisms | erythocytes do not make use of the oxygen it carries, uses this mechanism to provide energy |
| viscosity | stickiness or thickness of blood |
| relation of red blood cells to white blood cells | 1000 to 1 |
| blood viscosity increases when | amount of red blood cells increases |
| amount of hemoglobin | detemine how well erythocytes are performing their role oxygen transport |
| more hemoglobin molecules RBCs contain determine | the amount of oxygen they will be able to carry |
| leukocytes defends the body against | bacteria, virus, parasites and tumor cells |
| diapedesis | process by which leukocytes can slip in and out the blood vesses |
| 2 groups of leukocytes | granulocytes and agranulocytes |
| WBCs are the only complete cells in the blood because | contains nuclei and the usual organelles |
| circulatory system | means of transport for leukocytes |
| chemotaxis | when WBCs locate areas of tissue damage and infections by responding to certain chemicals that diffuse from the damage cells |
| ameboid motion | WBCs moving through tissue spaces by forming flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help them move along |
| process by WBCs opperate | following the diffusion gradient , pinpoint areas of tissue damage and rally around in large numbers to destroy micro-organisms or dead cells |
| 11 000/mm of leukocytes | indicates an infection in the body |
| leukopenia | an abnormal low WBC count, commonly caused by certain drugs |
| types of granulocytes | neutrophils, easinophils, basophils |
| types of agranulocytes | lymphocyts, monocytes |
| megakaryocytes | multinucleate cells in plateletts |
| hematopoiesis | term for blood cell formation |
| where hematopoiesis occurs | red bone marrow and myeloid tissue |
| location of myeloid tissue | flatbones of skull, pelvis, ribs, strernum and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur |
| hemocytoplast | a stem cell that recides in the red bone marrow, which forms al formed elements in blood |
| RBCs collapses inward when | enough hemoglobin is accumulated and most organelles and nuclues is rejected |
| reticulocyte | a young RBS with ER |
| erythropoeitin | a hormone that controls the rate of erythocytes produced by the kidney |
| thrombopoietin | accelerates the production of plateletts |
| hemocytoblasts form two types of descendants | lymphoid stem cell and myeloid stem cell |
| lymphoid stem cell | produces lymphocytes |
| myeloid stem cell | produces all other classed of formed elements |
| 100-120 days | RBCs become more rigid and fall apart in after this time |
| these eliminate RBCs remains | spleen, liver and other body tissues by phagocytes |
| hemostasis | the stoppage of blood flow |
| hemostasis response | fast and localized and involves many substances in the plasma |
| major phases of hemostasis | platelet plug formation, vascular spasms, coagulation |
| fibrous | tissue that grows into the clot and seals the hole in the blood vessel |
| intact endothelium | repells platelets |
| broken endothelium | underlying collagen fibres are exposed - platelets become sticky and cling to the damaged site. |
| platelet plug | a mass form by anchored platelets that releases chemicals ot attract more platelets. |
| white thrombus | another name for a platelet plug |
| serotonin | released by anchored platelets and casues blood vessels to go into spams |
| function of spasms | narrow blood vessels at that point decreasing blood loss untill clotting can occur. |
| factors causing vessel spasms | direct injury to smooth muscle cells and stimulation of local pain receptors |
| coagulation events | TF, PF3, prothrombin activation,insoluble fibrin |
| assitance to blood clotting | a gauge and pressure |
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