Cell Structure/Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Test
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Created by:
xotiffanyy21 on November 11, 2010
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell theory | - all organisms are made up of cells - cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things - new cells come from existing cells |
| prokaryotes | - no nucleus - small - very few organelles present (ribosomes, cell wall, cytoplasm) |
| eukaryotes | - nucleus - large - many complex organelles |
| cytoplasm | hold/cushions organelles, provides structure, and location of reaction |
| nucleus | stores/protects DNA, directs protein synthesis, and is information and control center of the cell |
| ribosomes | makes proteins |
| smooth ER | no ribosomes, detoxifies poisons |
| golgi apparatus | modifies, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins and other materials from the ER storage in the cell or secretion outside of the cell |
| lysosomes | the clean up of the cell |
| vacuoles | stores H2O, salts, proteins, and carbs, pumps out excess water |
| mitochondria | provides energy for cell/power plant, site of cellular respiration |
| chloroplast | site of photosynthesis |
| cell membrane | regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | to protect plant cells, to provide structure and support, and prevent excessive uptake of water |
| rough ER | has ribosomes, makes polypeptides |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein fibers that provide support and allow movement, contain microfilaments and microtubules |
| organelle | structures of cells that act as if they are specialized organs |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast |
| photosynthesis | the process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into food energy (glucose sugar) |
| light reaction | reaction in which light and H2O are used to make ATP, NADPH, and O2 |
| anaerobic | type of cellular respiration without oxygen |
| ATP | the main energy storing compound for cells, is made from glucose during cellular respiration (mitochondria) |
| NADPH | made by electrons that travel along an electron transport chain, supplies energy for reactions in calvin cycle |
| cilia | short, hair-like projections made of protein |
| chromatin | granular material in the nucleus, consists of DNA bound to proteins |
| thylakoid discs | disks in the chloroplast surrounded by membranes that contain photosystems and chlorophyll |
| cellular respiration | the process that breaks down glucose molecules to release energy (ATP) |
| lactic acid | builds up in the muscle and creates soreness |
| kreb cycle | - occurs in the matrix of mitochondria - pyruvate and ATP goes in - CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH comes out |
| glycolysis | (splitting of glucose) - occurs in the cytoplasm - glucose and ATP go in - pyruvate and ATP come out |
| bacterial cells | are prokaryotic so they have no nucleus, DNA is in nucleoid region |
| what do bacterial cells contain? | cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, flagella, cytoplasm, capsule and pilli |
| cell wall (BC) | rigid and may have peptidoglycan (a molecule of sugar cross linked by polypeptides) |
| cell membrane (BC) | border of cell |
| ribosomes (BC) | large number to produce proteins |
| flagella (BC) | thinner than in eukaryotic cells and can be found all over cell or just at the ends |
| capsule | in bacterial cell, outside the cell wall and provide protection |
| pilli | in bacterial cell, surface appendages that allow bacteria to adhere to things |
| flagella | long tail like projections made of proteins |
| stroma | gel-like material between grana |
| aerobic | type of cellular respiration with oxygen |
| alcoholic fermentation | in plants, makes 2 ATP, CO2, and alcohol from pyruvate |
| calvin cycle | - occurs in the stroma - ATP, NADPH, and CO2 go in - glucose comes out |
| nucleoid region | where DNA is held |
| what is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? | C6H12O6+6CO2->6H2O+36 ATP |
| what is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2+6H2O+sunlight->C6H12O6+6O2 |
| chromosomes | contain coiled DNA |
| what is the primary goal of cellular respiration? | ATP |
| what occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is not present? | lactic acid fermentation |
| which part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? | electron transport chain |
| during cellular respiration and the electron transport chain, what molecules are created? | water & ATP |
| in the absence of oxygen what does yeast convert pyruvate molecules into? | carbon dioxide and alcohol |
| what are 2 differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? | - photosynthesis only occurs in plants, while cellular respiration occurs in plants and animals - photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast, while cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria |
| what are 2 similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? | - both change energy from one form to another - have same materials |
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