WHAP: MC Ch 15-17
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Created by:
katsunn on November 11, 2010
Subjects:
ap world history, whap, the earth and its peoples
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285 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sturdy | ships needed to be built _ly to go in the vast oceans |
| ships | the cheapest way of transportation for trade was via _ |
| atlantic | the _ ocean was the barrier to north america |
| Polynesian | the _ people were the main maritimers of the pacific ocean |
| oceania | the main expanison of the polynesians were in the area of _ |
| America | Troy heyerdahl argues that the polynesian islans could have been settled by _ns |
| planned | when the polynesians found the islands on accident, they realized that they could use them to their fullest extent, and _ expeditions |
| double, triangular | the polynesians used _ canoes with _ sails |
| Malayo-Indonesians | the _ colonized madagascar |
| dhows | _ were difficult to use in oceania |
| muslim | by 140, the trading communities were mainly _ |
| christian, greco roman | the renaissance had _ and _-_ ideals mixed in |
| papacy | during the time of the revival the _ was suffering due to corruption and dissent |
| Leo, Medici | Pope _ X, a member of the _ family, funded the patronage of the arts for the Papacy |
| indulgence | a _ was forgiveness given for past sins by the papacy by making a donation to the church |
| Martin Luther | _ _ objected to the practice of giving indugences to the people |
| Protestant | the _ reformation was caused by martin luther |
| Pope | Luther denounced the authority of the _ |
| germans | luther's main supporters were _, due to the spread of ideas by the printing press |
| Calvin, destiny | _ started a protestant faith beliving that ur faith did not merit salvation, but it was defined in ur _ |
| doctrine | the calvanists set up congregations that regulated issues regarding _ |
| celibacy | one of the main things that protestants rejected was _ for priests |
| catholic reformation, jesuits | the _ _ reformed the latin church, and formed the group called the _, that forught against protastentism |
| witch hunts | _-_ were commonplace in these times in Europe due to social duress |
| biblical, folklore | The european ideas of the natural world blended two traditions...that of the _ teachings, and the _ that had been around for generations. |
| Lisbon, Sodom | When the city of _ in portugal was ravaged by a earthquake, the people of the time, using the fact that there must have been a supernatural influenced, compared it to the city of _, which in biblical times was ravaged by god because of the sinfulness of its citizens. |
| biblical, supernatural | witch hunts was a testimony to the mixing of _ tradition and _ events |
| devil, evil, enemy | the reformers of the protestant church were against the _ because he was _ and the enemy of _. This is why they called for many witch hunts |
| bible, greco roman | the _ and texts of _-_ antiquity were the main texts of the time |
| Aristotle, four | the main source on physics at this time was _, and he belived that the earth was made of _ elements |
| Scientific Revolution | the _ _ said that the universe can be explained by natural causes |
| Copernicus | based on mathematics, _ created the heliocentric model |
| Galileo | One of the main astronomers of the time was _, who also wrote "The Starry Messenger" |
| classical, biblical | the Coperneciuan universe had a lot of critics because it challenged the biblical authorities and the greco-roman authorities. |
| Bible | According to Luther, the heliocentric universe was against the teachings of the _ |
| Catholic | the main religious group who supported the leaders of the Sci. Revolution were _. |
| chemistry | the englishman Robert Boyle examined the workings of _ with a trial and error process |
| Isaac Newton | scientist _ _ discovered the concept of gravity using logical reasoning and mathematical analysis |
| Christianity | At the peak of his fame, Newton made lectures showing the dominance of _ |
| Englightenment | the _ was a movement that stated that social behaviour must be governed by laws, such as physics |
| unpopular | the enlightenment was_ with many clergymen |
| merchants | _ were the members of the bourgeoisie. |
| trade, manufacturing | due to an increase in _ and _ , the class called the bourg (bourgeoisie) gained power |
| Netherlands | most of the bourg lived in the _ |
| Amesterdam | _ was the main port of holland |
| books, textiles | the main things that the Hollanders made were _ and _ |
| half | the dutch had power over _ of the commercial trade in the time |
| fliut | the _ was the main dutch boat of the time |
| ethnic | much _ mixing happened at this time, causing many people such as jews to move into the areas of Holland. |
| financial | Amsterdam was the _ captial of the world at its peak |
| family, ethnic | business in holland was based on _ and _ networks |
| joint stock | _-_ companies were first chartered by the dutch, which gave two main companies monopolies over trade |
| stock exchange | the _ _ in many nations was able to spread the risk and profit of missions across Europe |
| water | the dutch government made large projects for _ transport |
| naval, commercial | the english used _ power to weaken the _ dominence of the Dutch |
| gentry | successful members of the bourg were able to enter the _ because of their wealth |
| serfdom | _ was in deep decline because the population recovered |
| slavery | _ in europe declined because of the trade with the Americas |
| techniques | since the 1300s, agricultural _ did not change |
| warfare, problems, economy | the condition of the average person in europe decreased because of the prolonged _, the environmental _, and the failing _ |
| Potatoes, Maize | _ and _ , two crops from the Americas, became European staples |
| fuel, coal | deforestation was mainly caused because wood was used as a _, so therefore, an alternative for this became _, a alternative energy of the time. |
| iron | the _ industry was prominent. |
| Little Ice Age | The _ _ _ happened in Europe and saw the decrease of temperature by only og a couple of degrees. This contributed to the adverse environmental conditions of the timem |
| deforestation | _ contributed to European environmental problems. |
| population, production | in Europe, there was a boom in _, but not a concurrent boom in food _ |
| 10, 20 | _ to _ percent of the population in Europe were considered too poor to tax |
| disparity | Outside observers of Europe first noticed the _ in wealth |
| shortages, increases, uprisings | due to the food _ and the tax _ in this time in Europe, we saw many peasant _ |
| woman | a _ might inherit the throne in the absence of a male heir |
| class, wealth | _ and _ defined a woman's position in European society rather than gender |
| marriage | a good _ in Europe was paramount to having a good life for women |
| family | for the bourg and the gentry, marriages were arranged to further exhibit and help the status of the _ |
| later | because Europeans wanted to live alone, and have stable jobs, they put off marriage until _ |
| dowry | a _ was money and household goods that helped a young family get started, and was given by the parents of the bride. |
| education | marriage came late in bourg families because they wanted to finish their _ |
| brothels, unmarried, rape | because of the late age of marriage in Europe, there were many public _ (the fancy name for strip clubs), many _ women having children, and abandoning them, and lastly, the common occurrence of _ |
| success | the families of the bourg were very concerned that their children have the education to have _ in life |
| legal | for any government position in Europe, you needed to have _ training |
| women | _ were the most important people in creating a common culture |
| city, provinces, federation | the Holy Roman empire, or the HRE, was a collection of _-states and _, bounded by a loose _ |
| Austria, Hapsburg | the princes of _ were the most powerful princes in the HRE. Therefore, the family which these princes belonged to, the _ family was very powerful |
| Charles V, Hapsburg, Ottoman | Holy Roman Emperor _ from the _ family wanted to build a very _ army to stop the advances of the _ empire |
| Augsburg | the peace of _ allowed princes of the HRE to choose if they wanted to be lutheran or catholic |
| Phillip II | _ of Spain used a religious court to push against Protestant reformation. |
| Calvanism | of the protestant faiths, _ was the most prominent in France |
| Edict of Nantes | the _ _ _ granted religious freedom to prostestants in France |
| Henry, Navarre | _ of _ was the king of England who embraced the catholic faith |
| Henry VII | Before the split, _ of England was a catholic |
| Catherine, Aragon, Catholic | King Henry VII of England made the Anglican church because the Catholics did not grant him a divorce from _ of _, his _ wife from spain. |
| Church, State, monarch | the powers of _ and _ were brought together in 1554 by the English parliament. the _ was now the head of the church |
| Catholic | the anglican church was very similar to the _ church, as it had a church hierarchy |
| Puritans, Calvinists | English _ were _ who belived that the anglican church was too catholic |
| Huguenots | _ were french Calvinists |
| stuart, charles funds, Parliament | the new king of England and the second in the _ dynasty, King _ I, wanted to raise funds against the Anglicans, but he was not able to do so because of the power of _ over monetary issues |
| disbanded | to have authoritative power, king Charles _ parliament |
| broadly, loans | because Charles could not raise money, he applied tax brackets more _, and took _ from wealthy individuals |
| Lords, Commons | The english parliament was divided into the house of _ and _, which describe themselves. |
| English Civil War | the _ _ _ was caused by Charles' attempts to arrest critics in the house of Commons and recognize parliament |
| Oliver Cromwell, republic | after Charles was executed, Parliament established a _ with its leader a Puritan general, _ _ ` |
| share | Oliver Cromwell did not want to _ power with parliament |
| stuart | after Cromwell died, parliament restored the _ line |
| James II, glorious revolution | king _ _ of England caused the _ _ when he had his child baptized as a roman catholic |
| Estates General | the _ _ was a establishment in france that represented the rights of the clergy and the people, it was like parliament but never callled when the borboun kings had power |
| Versailles, triumph | Louis XIV's castle in _ showed the _ of the monarchy over all other forms of government |
| Thirty Years | the _ _ war caused the end of the HRE |
| Prussia, France, Sweden, command, technologies | the nations of _ , _ , and _ had the largest armies. they also had the most advanced _ structures and many advanced battle _ |
| naval | winning European battles depended on _ superiority |
| balance of power | the _ _ _ concept was when states formed temporary alliances to prevent one state from becoming too powerful |
| Catholic, Anglican, Catholic, Lutheran, Orthodox | relating to Christianity, France was _ , Britain was _, Austria was _, Prussia was _, and Russia was _ |
| Spain | _ led itself to its decline with a agressive military, but not economic policy |
| commercial | Holland grew rich by favoring _ interests. |
| financial | the Anglo-Dutch wars lead to a "_ revolution" |
| Colombian Exchange | the _ _ saw the transfer of people , animals, plants, and diseases between the new and old worlds. |
| diseases | _ from the old world devestated native american population |
| resistance | native americans succumbed to diseases because they lacked the _ that they actually needed. |
| 75 | nearly _ percent of the maya population died due to disease |
| half | _ of native americans died because of the smallpox epidemic |
| malaria, yellow | the diseases of _ and _ fever killed Europeans in return |
| measles, plague, smallpox | name three of the main diseases that affected native americans. |
| old, old, old, new, new, old, new, old | of this list of crops, which came from the old world, and which came from the new. answer in the form of (old,new,old,new)....the crops are [rice, wheat, olives, maize, potatoes, bananas, manioc, grapes] |
| livestock | european _ attacked fields in the americas |
| horse | the _ was the tool that helped both the Europeans and the native americans. It provided the basis for hunting |
| institution | the early spanish and portuguese settlers set up colonies that had the same _s as back home |
| natives | _ had a high influence on colonial society |
| belief | even though catholic influence was present, in spanish colonies elements of natice _ was always present |
| african | _ belief brought to the americas was the third most enriching culture |
| Council, Indies | the _ of the _supervised affairs in spanish colonies |
| viceroys | two _, in New Spain and Peru were the main basis of spanish colonial government |
| viceroyalty | the _ in spanish colonies were broken up into seperate judicial and administrative districts. They had a lot of autonomy |
| portuguese | the _ did not set up colonial systems as advanced as the spanish |
| silver, gold | spanish and potuguese taxes in the new world were paid for by _ AND _ |
| intellectual, spiritual | the catholic church in the spanish colonies were mainly responsible for establishing the _ and the _ life for the European settlers in the colonies |
| justified | the spanish and the portuguese _ their conquering of the natives of America by saying that they had a duty by god to convert all of the natives to christianity |
| elite, clergy | when spanish and portuguese missionaries attempted to convert natives, they first attempted to convert the _ members of the native society, hoping that in return, they would become members of the _ and convert others as well |
| violence | the spanish clergy resorted to _ when the natives returned to worshiping their other gods |
| Bartolomé de Las Casas | the priest _ _ _ _ was the most influential spanish clergyman who defended the american indians |
| forced labor | the New Laws of 1542 in the spanish colonies prevented the spanish settlers from making the natives perform _ _ |
| catholic, native | In colonial spain, eventually the belief system became distinctly _ as well as having elements of _ belief. |
| richest | in colonial spain, the church was the _ institution of the time. |
| mineral | the _ wealth of the new world was used to fund expeditions to asia |
| Potosí, Bolivia | the richest silver deposit in spanish america was called _, in Spanish _ |
| smelting | the process of _ to extract silver ore needed a lot of mercury, which damaged the environement |
| encomienda | the _ was the spanish system of forced labor on the natives |
| New Laws | the _ _ passed by the clergy attempted to end the ecomienda |
| mita | the ecomienda represented the incan _, but would often have to meet more frequently |
| mines | due to the many _, natives in spanish america were forced to abandon their agricultural persuits |
| sugar, slaves | the main crop in portuguese colonies was _, and the production of this crop depended solely on _ |
| african | in brazil, people used _ slaves because they were more resistant to disease |
| molopolize | spain and portugal both attempted to _ trade with latin america |
| creoles | people who were whites who were born to European parents in the new world were called _ |
| Hidalgos | _ were lesser nobles in spanish colonial society |
| never | the spanish society was _ ethnically spanish |
| immigrants, creoles | the elite of Spanish colonial society were _ from spain and native _ |
| authority | the natives did not have any _ over their previously owned land |
| embrace | because the natives' culture was abolished, they needed to _ elements of spanish culture |
| Pizarro | _ was the conqueror of the incan empire |
| african | slaves mixed _ tradition with european and native tradition to create on distinct culture |
| rebellion, control | even though slave _ would happen, the authorities would maintain _ |
| agriculture | most of the slaves worked in _ |
| african | Brazil was most influenced by _ culture, due to their high population |
| mestizos | _ were people of native and european backround |
| mulattos | _ were of european and black ancestry. |
| french, english, spanish, Portuguese | slave labor was important to the _, _, _ and _ colonial societies |
| trade, protestant, bureaucracies | as compared to the spanish and the portuguese, the english and the french's colonies were different because there were transformations in Europe. two of these transformations were the increase in international _, the new _ rel. revolution. Thus, this caused them not to have colonial _, as did the portuguese and the spanish |
| Humphrey Gilbert | Sir _ _ was the first englishman to create a colonly. he created it in newfoundland Canada |
| Walter Raleigh | Sir _ _ was the cousin of Sir Humphrey Gilbert who attempted a private scheme to colonize Roanoke in NC |
| Armada | because of the spanish _, the english could not send resources to roanoke, causing its demise |
| Ireland | some of the same techniques the english used in colonizing _ were used to colonize the americas |
| Virginia Company | the _ _ took up the challenge of colonizing Virginia in the south |
| Jamestown | the city of _ was established by the Virginia company |
| jamestown, 80 | the colonists of _ were not able to make immediate profits because _ percent of their population died due to indian attacks or disease |
| saved | many settlers were _ by the generocity of the amerindians |
| dispersed | colonial virginia's population was _ |
| indentured servants | _ _ were 80% of english settlers in Maryland, and had to work temporarily in order for their freedom |
| slaves | _ were more expenisve than indentured servants, but they lasted longer |
| governor, Burgesses | the government of english colonies consisted of a crown appointed _ and a House of _, elected by the people |
| tobacco | _ was the main cash crop of the time. PEOPLE COULD NOT EAT THIS...not for edible consumption=cash |
| assimilate | native americans needed to _ with the culture |
| slavery, plantations | the basis of the south carolinian economy was _, and _ |
| managed | african slaves _ the plantations of their owners on occasions |
| Gullah | _ was the language of the carolina coast, a mix of english and african tounges |
| Pilgrims | _ were people who came to Massachusetts because of a disagreement with the church of England |
| Puritans | _ were people who wanted to rid the church of england of the catholic resemblence |
| Massachusetts | the _ Bay Company was the royal company that had power |
| natural | MAssachusetts was the most "American" colony because it saw _ population growth |
| autonomy | with their own legislatures, the english colonies experienced a lot of political _ |
| monopolies | british trade consisted of many _ |
| new england | in the _ _ colonies, there were less slaves and indentured laborers than in southern plantations |
| Dutch West India | the _ _ _ company had its HQ in Manhattan |
| dutch | the _ merchants were the first to actually have relationships with the Iroquois Confederacy |
| Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca | the Iroquois confederacy consisted of the _, _, _, _, and _ peoples |
| Dutch, York, James II, York | the _ surrendered to the English duke of _, later king _, and renamed new amsterdam new _ |
| Quakers | the _ were the people who lived in New England's Pennsylvania |
| negotiate | William Penn would _ with the indians |
| merchants | black freemen in New England were servants in the houses of _ mainly |
| France | the activities of _ more represented the colonial activity of spain rather than england |
| missionary | the french were interested in sending _ to the indian communities |
| Jaques Cartier | the explorer who spurred french interest was _ _ |
| New France | _ _ was established in the banks of the Sr. Lawrence River, in Quebec |
| enemies | the french associated with the _ of the iroquois confederacy |
| coureurs de bois | _ _ _ were frenchmen who went to the native villages to find out about thier languages and culture |
| trade | coureurs de bois helped guide _ with the natives |
| firearms | _ were given to the natives of New France to help them fight against the iroquois, who were allied with the british enemy |
| Jesuits | _ were the people who converted natives in New France |
| resistance | due to _ by the natives of New France to accept catholicism, they put their resources into funding public works in New France |
| France | of the four main colonizing nations, which was able to give the natives the most rights and freedom? |
| Russians | Alaska was colonized by the _ |
| population | the _ of new france was sparce |
| Mobile, New Orleans | _ and _ _ were the two main cities of New France |
| Seven Years War, Quebec, Louisiana, Canada | in the _ _ _, the british took the french capital of _ and forced them to give up _ and _q |
| Phillip, France | _ of Borbon, a person related to the king of _, gained the throne of Spain |
| trade | under the Borboun Phillip V, economic expansion highly increased |
| growth | an economic _ in spain can be associated with spanish influence |
| tupac amaru II | _ _ _ was the the peruvian leader who took the name of his incan ancestor and fought against colonial policies of the spanish |
| tupac amaru | many natives contributed to the uprising of the army of _ _ |
| Pombal | the marquis of _ made many reforms to bring economic compensation |
| Cromwell | the english ruler _ brought excitement to the prospect of america. |
| largesse | the ming's large ships were mainly to show the _ of their power in the area |
| crossbows | chinese ming junks used _ to fight |
| Zheng He | _ _ was the chinese muslim general who led many expeditions |
| vacuum | when the ming left the indian ocean trading system, a power _ was created |
| vikings | the greatest middle ages mariners of the alantic: _ |
| stars | _ were the main guide of the vikings on their voyages |
| iceland, greenland | _ and _ were the main two places that the vikings settled |
| Newfoundland | Lief Ericsson settled _, Canada |
| African | the first explorers to attempt exploring the atlantic were the _ |
| Azores, Canaries | Portuguese and Geneoese mariners first settled the _ and the _ |
| Arawak | the group, _, was the main native american society that colonized much of the carribean |
| Carib | the _ was the group the expaned to Guadeloupe and Barbados |
| religious, political, economic | the Iberians expanded because of _, _ and _ motives |
| revival, islamic, dominance, curiosity, outside, alliance | the reasons was why the voyages of the iberians took place: (1) a _ of economic urban life and trade, (2) a struggle with _ powers for _ in the area. (3) an intellectual _ of the _ world, and (4) peculiarly European _ between merchants and rulers |
| Portuguese | the expanison of the _ began with the attack and invasion of Morrocco |
| Ceuta | the portuguese attacked the city of _ in morocco |
| crusade, expedition, tournament | the portuguese attack on cueta was a mix of a religious _, a plundering _, and a military _ |
| Henry the Navigator | _ _ _ was the Portuguese who led the attack on ceuta |
| Sagres | Henry the navigator established a center of research in _, in southern Portugal |
| compass, astrolabe | Henry the Navigator (HtN) perfected the _ and the _ for Portuguese use |
| skill | the success of voyages was completely dependent on the _ of the mariners for Portuguese ships |
| caravel | voyages of exploration for the iberians were the _ |
| winds | the voyages of the portuguese were propelled by a knowledge of the _ |
| Order of Christ | Henry the navigator got the _ _ _ which allowed him to spread christianity |
| gold, slave | the _ and the _ trade were the main Portuguese trades |
| private | the portuguese voyages were funded by _ commercial interest |
| gold coast | the _ _ was the center of trade |
| Fernao Gomes | _ _ was a merchant who bought exploration rights from the portuguese |
| Bartolomeu Dias | _ _was the explorer who went around africa and intered the indian ocean |
| Vasco de Gama | _ _ _ entered the indian ocean and REACHED india |
| internal | _ affairs hampered spanish efforts to colonize |
| winds | west blowing _ were used by CC to explore the atlantic |
| Tordesillas | the treaty of _ divited the americas for portugual and spain |
| Ferdinand Magellan | _ _'s ships crossed the world first. |
| allies, rivals, enemies | ALL of the peoples who were dominated by the Europeans first viewed them as _, _, or _. |
| eager | many west africans were initially _ for Portuguese trading opportunities |
| gold | before large expansion of portuguese into W Africa, they found out about their legacy of their trade of _, with a middle man, as well as their attack on the Morrocan Middleman city of Ceuta |
| Caramansa | the african king _ was the first western african to associate with the portuguese |
| tenth | the portuguese purchaced one _ of the world's gold production at its peak |
| impression | the portuguese were interested in making a proper _ with the Western Africans. They also wanted to do the same |
| monopoly | in Benin, the portuguese established a large _ on trade |
| pepper, ivory | In Benin, the Portuguese established a monopoly on _ and _ tusks. |
| commercial, military, religious | _, _, and _ interests with western africa were the most important reasons as to why trade was prevalent |
| Kongo | relations of the portuguese with the _ were the exact same as with Benin |
| slaves | the portuguese trade of _ with the kongo was WAY more than with the benin |
| Ethiopia | the only christian african state was _ |
| Portugual | the crown of _ intended to make the indian ocean its private sea |
| Helena | the Queen Of Ethiopia was _ |
| Christopher de Gama | _ _ _ brought a fleet to help the Ethopian armies |
| samorin | the _ of calicut balked at the gifts that the Portuguese game them |
| malacca | the stait of _ was the main focus of attention for the portuguese |
| muslim | some states accepted rule of the portuguese because they wanted to offset the growth of the _ trading states |
| monopolized, China, Japan | from macao, the portuguese _ trade between _ and _ |
| Goa | the portuguese conquered _ in India |
| mughal | the _ kings ignored Portuguese intrusions |
| Ottomans | the _ had an agressive response to portuguese expansions |
| pepper | the main product of export into Europe from the Indian ocean by the Portuguese was _ |
| Arawak | the _ people were of Hispañola, and cultivated many veggies |
| conquistadors | _ were spanish who expaned with the catholic faith in Europe |
| Hernan Cortes, Cuba | _ _ was the person who left from _ to attack the aztec. |
| Montezuma | _ II was the leader of the state of the Aztecs who resisted against the Portuguese |
| QUETZALCOATL | _ WAS THE GOD THAT THE AZTECS THOUGHT THE SPANISH WERE |
| smallpox | _ was the main disease that killed the Aztecs |
| Aztecs | for a small part of the Aztec-Spanish battle, the _ gained the upper hand |
| Pizarro | with a modest force _ conquered the inca |
| Atahualpa | _ was the incan emperor who was attacked and subdued |
| gold | if the incan king gave a room full of _, he would get freedom |
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