CHMM study set
About this set
Created by:
Gneissguy on November 11, 2010
Subjects:
environmental, chemistry, industrial hygeine, geology, regulations, emergency response, planning
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219 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 P2 | Pollution Prevention, the highest priority is source reduction, the most effective P2 activity is product modification to avoid solvent use |
| PDCA | Plan, Do, Check, Act (P2) |
| HAP | Hazardous Air Pollutant |
| MACT | Maximum Achievable Control Technology |
| TSDF | Transport, Storage, Disposal Facility, is required to have a waste tracking program, a training plan, arrangements with emergency responders, an employee onsite at all times |
| NPDES | National Pollution Discharge Elimination System |
| SWPPPs | Stormwater pollution prevention plans |
| Waste Management Hierarchy | 1. Prevent or reduce 2. Recycle 3. Treat 4. Dispose or otherwise release |
| AEA | Atomic Energy Act |
| RCRA | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, covers generation of haz waste, transportation of haz waste, USTs, and non-haz solid waste |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achievable (AEA) |
| LDRs | Land Disposal Restriction (RCRA), meant to minimize post-closure escape of waste, reduces the volume of haz waste disposal, encourages recycling |
| MTRs | Minimum Technology Requirements (RCRA), including liner requirements, leak detection and collection requirements, groundwater monitoring |
| CAMU | Corrective Action Management Unit (RCRA), needs to assess environmental and health risks, if it will enhance the timeliness of remediation, will minimize the land utilized for final disposal, will provide expeditious implementation of site remedies |
| TU | Temporary Unit (RCRA) |
| RI | Remedial Investigation |
| CMS | Corrective Measures Study (RCRA) |
| IM | Interim Measures |
| RFI | RCRA Facility Investigation |
| SWMU | Solid Waste Management Unit (RCRA) |
| HSWA | Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (expanded RCRA) |
| CA | Corrective Action (HSWA), requires identification of all SWMUs on a site before issuance of a Part B permit, a comprehensive groundwater monitoring program, can require clean-ups outside a facilities boundary, provide for temporary treatment units, has an additional section in a final permit requiring further site clean-ups |
| Used Oil | Arsenic (5 ppm max), Cadmium (2 ppm max), Chromium (10ppm max), Lead (100 ppm max), Total Halogens (4000 ppm max), Flash point (100oF minimum) |
| NIOSH | National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, conducts research in occupational safety and health, develop criteria as a basis for new standards, provides education, manpower development and training on health and safety equipment, enforces occupational health and safety guidelines. |
| TLV | Threshold Limit Value |
| Ceiling Value | An absolute value which cannot be exceeded (no TWA) |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom made up of a proton and a neutron |
| Ionization | the removal of electrons from an electrically neutral atom |
| TDS | Time, Distance, Shielding (ways to reduce exposure to radiation) |
| Alpha particle | Slowest, largest radioactive particle. Most destructive if inhaled or ingested. Can be stopped by paper/tyvek. Made up of a proton and neutron. |
| Beta particle | Can be stopped by plastic/aluminum foil. Can travel up to four feet from source. Made up of an electron. |
| Half-lives to get to 12.5% of original radionuclide | Three. 100 (one) 50 (two) 25 (three) 12.5 |
| Toxin | any substance that will produce a harmful effect when introduced to the body in sufficient concentrations, creates a toxic effect when a mechanism is available to allow a biochemical reaction at a receptor site in the target organ |
| LD50 | Lethal dose 50% |
| Potentiation | not a toxin (for a particular target organ) that in combination with a toxin, enhances the toxins effect |
| COI | Chemical of Interest (CFATS) |
| DHS | Department of Homeland Security (US Coast Guard, US Secret Service, Transportation Security Administration (TSA), US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) |
| CSAT | Chemical Security Assessment Tool, which assesses security risks |
| Site Security Plan | Secure site assets, Deter, Detect, Delay, Screen and control access. |
| Vulnerability Information | Should only be available to those who "need to know" (CFATS) |
| Respirator Fit Factors | Half-mask 10, Full Face 50, Supplied Air (w/o egress bottle) 1000, SCBA 10000 |
| Level A PPE | Full body encapsulating suit, SCBA, Dermal protection |
| 29CFR1910.132(h)(2) | Does NOT require an employer to pay for non-specialty safety toe footwear |
| 29CFR1910 | OSHA General Industry Standard |
| 29CFR1926 | OSHA Construction Standard |
| OHSA inspections | The top priority for OSHA inspections are imminent danger situations. |
| Class IV UIC | Used to dispose of hazardous wastes (SWDA) |
| Class III UIC | Used to dispose of oil and gas production wastes (SWDA) |
| MCL | Maximum Contaminate Level, legally enforceable public health goal |
| SWDA | Safe Water Drinking Act (1980), established public notifications for violations, increased civil penalties, recalled all water coolers with lead lined tanks and banned lead containing pipes |
| Groundwater | 30% of Earth's fresh water supply |
| Fresh water | Represents only 3% of Earth's water,~70% or Earth's fresh water is tied up in glacial ice and the other 30% is in groundwater with very little surface water |
| Pumping/slug testing | Estimates hydraulic conductivity |
| DNAPL | Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid. Includes chlorinated solvents and long-chain hydrocarbons (heavy oils/asphalts), DNAPLs do not adhere to soil particles |
| LNAPL | Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid, Short chain hydrocarbons including gasoline. NAPLs adhere to soil particles |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Restoration Compensation and Liability Act. Established "Hazardous Substances" and covers sites not covered by existing laws, except facilities and vessels, does not apply to active sites, requires that actions meet standards of other laws and regulations |
| SARA | Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act (1986) |
| CERCLA Section 102 | Lists "Hazardous Substances" |
| CERCLA Section 107 | Imposes "strict" and "joint and several" liability to all generators, transporters and facility owners. Does not require showing of fault or negligence where damages have occurred. Full damages may be recovered from one, some or all potentially liable parties. |
| FWPCA | Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972) |
| Phase II storm water requirements | Apply to discharges from MS4s serving fewer than 10,000 people |
| CWA Title III | Established water quality criteria, requires assessment of watersheds, established the NPDES program, requires point source compliance with treatment technologies |
| Receiving water quality criteria | TMDLs, Turbidity, pH, Bioassay |
| TMDL | Total Maximum Daily Load, CWA Section 303 |
| CWA | Clean Water Act |
| 404 Permits | Dredge and Fill Permits administered by the Army Corp of Engineers |
| CWA 303d | A list of impaired waters |
| Stormwater pollutants | Oil and grease, BOD, COD, and TSS |
| Stormwater permit sampling | Includes grab sampling, pH and temp of the sample, rainfall measurements, record of the date and duration of the sampling |
| Stormwater permit holder | Required to prepare and implement a stormwater pollution prevention plan, form a pollution prevention team, create pollution prevention measures, and use Best Management Practices (BMPs) |
| FRP | Facility response plan, necessary for facility with oil storage in excess of 1,000,000 gallons, requires drills and tabletop exercises, plans for Worst Case Discharges (WCDs), and training for employees on the FRP |
| SPCC | Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plans, required for facilities with more than 1320 gallons of above ground oil storage or 40,000 gallons of below ground storage, must be reviewed every five years, must be sealed by a PE unless it is a "Qualified Facility" with less than 10,000 gallons of oil storage |
| SERC | State Emergency Response Commission |
| LEPC | Local Emergency Planning Committee |
| TRI | Toxic Chemical Release Inventory, required for facilities manufacturing, mining, and utilities that manufacture or process over 25,000 pounds or "otherwise use" over the threshold planning quantity of extremely hazardous substances |
| EPCRA | Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act |
| Tier II Report | Required under EPCRA for a facility that has 10,000 pounds of any hazardous chemical |
| ISO 14001 | Requires core elements such as a management review, policy, checking, and corrective actions |
| AAI | All Appropriate Inquiries, must update government records or visual inspections after 180 days, requires that the environmental professional sign the report, provide an opinion regarding site conditions, review historical records, and provide professional qualifications |
| Phase II ESA | Invasive evaluation of potential RECs |
| Specification packaging | Required for the transportation of hazardous materials |
| Trade exemption | Allows private carriers to transport hazardous materials if individual packages do not exceed 8 gallons or 66 pounds |
| Periodic group | On the periodic table, a set of elements that act the same chemically. Eg. Noble Gases, Halide series |
| Reduction | gaining electrons |
| Oxidation | losing electrons |
| Vapor Density | mass per unit volume of a given vapor/gas relative to that of air |
| NFPA Diamond | Red=Flammability, Yellow=Reactivity, Blue=Health, White=Special Precautions, 1 is lowest hazard, 4 is extremely hazardous |
| Sample blanks | Used to determine contamination that is introduced in the field or en route to the laboratory |
| COC | Chain of Custody, provides written documentation of the history of the sample |
| Laws with P2 components | PPA, RCRA, CWA, CAA |
| Regulations | Have the full effect of the law and can be enforced civilly and criminally |
| Legal concepts for pollution control | Trespass, Nuisance, Negligence |
| Asbestos | Has thermal resistance, chemical resistance, high tensile strength, not electrically conductive |
| ug/dl | units associated with medical monitoring for lead |
| Ingestion | the primary route of exposure to lead |
| Neurological | the primary health effect from lead |
| Agencies that regulate asbestos | EPA, OSHA, DOT |
| FIFRA | Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act |
| Tolerances | FIFRA definition for pesticide residue on food |
| Pesticides | Herbicides, Insecticides, Biocides |
| 29 CFR 1910.120 | Covers Haz Waste Operations, Cleanup, and ERs |
| HAZWOPER Training | Requires 40-hours off-site safety training, 3 days of supervised field experience. Supervisors require 8 hours of additional training. |
| PCB Annual Report | Includes manifests, exception reports, applicable records for the previous year, and certificates of disposal or destruction |
| PCB contaminated | Concentrations >= 50 and >500 ppm PCB |
| PCB storage | Temporary storage for less than 30 days, impervious flooring, PCB marked, must be disposed of within one year |
| PCB cleanup | spills to grazing land or vegetable gardens are subject to standards at the discretion of the regional office, limited to spills after May 4, 1987, disposal options are based on the current measured concentrations |
| New major air emissions in an attainment area | Requires New Source Performance Standards, BACT, Title V Operating Permit |
| New Source Review | Required for a new facility or a modified existing facility (>10%) |
| Federal regulation amendments | can be found in the Federal Register but are easiest to find on the Agencies website or from a regulation tracking service |
| Interim Status | In RCRA, a facility that predates RCRA but is pursuing a RCRA permit |
| FFCA | Federal Facilities Compliance Act (1992), provided a statutory basis for pursuing monetary penalties against Federal Facilities |
| HSWA | Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (RCRA) included hazardous waste used as fuel, financial responsibility, Minimum Technology Requirements (MTRs), and air emissions from TSDFs |
| Characteristic Waste | Reactive, Corrosive, Ignitable, Toxic |
| Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest | Includes the EPA ID number, the name of the primary transporter, the names of backup transporters, an ER number that must be answered 24/7, the name and address of the generator, the signature of the generator or an agent |
| Land Disposal Notification | Accompanies the waste shipment to a TSDF and includes an analysis of the ability to meet treatment standards |
| Rulemaking process | 1. Congress enacts a law 2. Agency establishes a rulemaking schedule 3. Agency establishes a docket 4. Develop a concept for regulation 5. Publish proposed regulation in Fed Reg 6. Public hearing 7. Withdraw, make minor revisions or publish final regulation |
| Ways to reference a law | 1. Short title (eg TSCA) 2. Public law citation (eg. PL 101-459 = 549th law of the 101 Congress) 3. United State Code (USC) (eg. 42USC§7402) |
| CDI averaging time | 70 years |
| CDI | Chronic Daily Intake |
| Stormwater discharge application | Part A- Who and what Part B- Where and how much |
| EPCRA hazard categories | Immediate (acute) health hazards, delayed (chronic) health hazards, and sudden releases of pressure |
| EPCRA Tier II reporting | Chemical inventory forms including chemical names and CAS numbers |
| Emergency response not required | When the release results in exposure to persons solely within the boundaries of the facility |
| TPQ | Threshold Planning Quantity, two values are listed, the first applies to materials with higher hazard properties and the second applies to lower hazard properties (40CFR355.30), the TPQ when equaled or exceeded subjects the facility to regulation under EPCRA |
| SPL | Sound Pressure Level, unweighted SPL(total) = 10 log [ sum 10 (SPL/10)] or weighted SPL (total) = 10 log [sum 10 (SPL/10) (t(partial)/t(total)] |
| LOD | Limit of Detection, Should be at least 25% of the TLV for a air monitoring device to be acceptable for use |
| HI | Hazard Index, HI= CDI/RfD HI<1 is acceptable |
| RfD | Reference Dose, RfD= NOAEL(or LOAEL)/(UF)(MF) NOAEL= No observable adverse effect level UF= Uncertainty Factor MF=(Modifying Factors |
| NOAEL | No observable adverse effect level |
| PA/SI | Preliminary Assessment/ Site Inspection |
| RI/FS | Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study |
| ROD | Record of Decision |
| RD/RA | Remedial Design/ Remedial Action |
| NPL | National Priorities List, Superfund |
| Nitric Oxide | Nitric oxide exists in equilibrium with nitrogen tetroxide in the ambient atmosphere, is colorless, is a dissociation product of nitrogen trioxide and is an irritant of the eyes and mucous membranes |
| Polyvinyl alcohol | PVA, A material used in PPE, very effective against hydrocarbons but dissolves in water |
| HVL | Half Value (radiation), if the HVL of lead is 0.33 cm and you double the thickness you reduce the exposure to 1/4 of the original exposure |
| NFPA Class B fire | Oil, gasoline, paint |
| NFPA Class II combustible liquid | flash point >= 100oF but less than 140oF |
| BLEVE | Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion. A rapid pressure increase in a confined vessel that results in a sudden release of pressure as the vessel ruptures |
| Foam agents | Suitable for NFPA Class A and Class B fires |
| Oxygen deficient atmosphere | 19.5% (O2/vol) or less |
| PNL | Perceived noise level, a noise rating associated with airports |
| CNR | Composite noise level, a noise rating associated with airports |
| NEF | Noise exposure forecast, a noise rating associated with airports |
| Sound parameters | Sound is characterized by pressure, power, and intensity |
| Audible range for humans | between 16 Hz and 20,000 Hz frequencies |
| ISO 14000 standards | Two general categories: Organizational evaluation standards and Product and Process evaluation standards |
| ISO 14000 parts | Environmental Auditing (EA), Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and Life cycle assessment (LCA) |
| ISO 14000 registration outcomes | Approval, Conditional Approval, Disapproval |
| Class I UBC classification | Interior finishes with a flame spread index of less than 25 |
| Group H UBC classification | Hazardous occupancy |
| Egress | Staircase dimensional criteria for egress are covered under the Life Safety Code and UBC |
| Life Safety Code hazards | low, ordinary, high |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| PSD | Prevention of Serious Deterioration |
| NA | Non-attainment |
| LAER | Lowest Achievable Emission Rate |
| BACT | Best Available Control Technology |
| MACT | Maximum Achievable Control Technology |
| RACT | Reasonable Achievable Control Technology |
| Air monitoring for methane and hydrogen sulfide | Should be performed at the bottom and top of a space because methane is lighter than air and hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air |
| Required controls for a major facility modification | BACT- in attainment areas LAER- in non-attainment areas MACT - for HAPs |
| What training is required for a permit required confined space entry? | Confined space, HAZWOPER, respirator training |
| NFPA Life Safety Code | covers building services and fire protection equipment |
| FIFRA registration | Only pesticides registered with the USEPA can be distributed, sold or placed into commerce |
| TSCA inventory list requirements | All chemical manufactured for sale |
| LQG | Large Quantity Generator, >1000 kg per month or > 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month |
| SQG | Small Quantity Generator, 100 kg < x < 1000 kg per month, AND accumulates <6000 kg at any time |
| CESQG | Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator, <100 kg per month or <1kg of acute waste per month AND accumulates <1000 kg or <1 kg acute or <100kg cleanup from an acute spill |
| Hazardous waste characteristics | Ignitability, corrosivity, toxicity, reactivity |
| NAAQS contaminants | Particulates, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Ozone, Lead |
| Sulfur coal plant emit? | SO2, SO3, and SO4(-2) |
| Grab samples for wastewater 24-hour composite sampling event | Oil and grease |
| T/F: There TLVs for total culturable or countable organisms and particles | False |
| What defines general use pesticides | Pesticides that can be used by untrained persons according to label instructions without creating unreasonable adverse effects to the person applying the pesticides or to the environment. |
| How do you calculate the Hazard Index (HI)? | HI = dose / RfD |
| The respiratory protection equipment required for initial entry to remove sludge that is contaminated with an unknown hydrocarbon is? | SCBA operated in pressure demand mode |
| How do you calculate radioactive attenuation | I(2) = I(1) (r(1)/r(2))^2 I= intensity r= distance from the source |
| To qualify a UST as a "confined space" it must be established that it has: | limited access and/or toxic atmospheres the potential for an IDLH atmosphere makes it a "permit required confined space" |
| A mixture of a hazardous waste (non-listed) and a solid (non-hazardous) waste is? | Not considered a hazardous waste if the mixture no longer retains the characteristic that made it hazardous (i.e. ignitability) |
| What remediation technology is effective for removing high concentrations of low-solubility petroleum compounds from contaminated soil? | Soil vapor extraction wells |
| LD(50/30) refers to? | The dose expected to cause the death of 50% of an exposed population within 30 minutes |
| The majority of the gas generated within a landfill is methane and ____? | Carbon dioxide |
| What is the generally accepted method for measuring attainment with NAAQS for nitrogen dioxide? | chemiluminescence |
| Who is responsible for evaluating chemicals to determine if they are hazardous? | manufacturers and importers |
| What is the description of a Class IV organic peroxide? | Burns as ordinarily combustible and presents a minimum reactivity hazard |
| What is the description of a Class I unstable, non-water reactive material? | Normally stable |
| What classifications are used for cryogenic fluids? | corrosive/highly toxic, flammable, non-flammable |
| For a 12,000 gallon AST storing a Class IIIB combustible liquid, what is the minimum set back from the property line? | 5 ft (UFC) |
| Under the Uniform Fire Code (UFC), what are the general requirements for hazardous material storage? | compatibility among stored chemicals, spill control and containment, storage cabinet construction |
| How frequently should employee refresher training be provided under the Process Safety Management (PSM) standard? | as needed, but at least every 3 yrs |
| What conditions prompt a compliance audit under the PSM standard? | Three year have elapsed since the last audit |
| What responsibility does the employer have for ensuring that employees are proficient in the use of PPE? | The employer must provide training, require the employee to demonstrate proficiency, retrain employees who lose proficiency, and provide written certification. |
| What are the categories of particulate matter (PM)? | fume - solid - 0.03um - 0.3um smoke - solid - 0.05 um - 1um mist - liquid - 0.5um - 3um dust - solid - 1um - 10mm spray - liquid - 10um- 10mm |
| What do the following acronyms stand for? CAA NESHAP RCRA CERCLA SARA | CAA - Clean Air Act NESHAP - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act SARA - Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act |
| What do the following acronyms stand for? NEPA FIFRA SDWA TSCA EPCRA | NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act (requires EIS) FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act (est MCLs) TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act (requires toxicity testing of new compounds) EPCRA - Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act |
| High molecular weight and strongly hydrophobic organic compounds are common soil contaminates due to crude oil spills, these compounds are most often partitioned to soils containing? | Humic (the process is called on sorption and is based on relative affinity) |
| A generator is considering less expensive options to incineration for management of chlorobenzene, options available under the RCRA generator standards are? | Recycling the solution directly into the process from which it was generated. Disposal in a landfill and volatilization are not acceptable under RCRA |
| What are the four steps in preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS)? | 1) Screening 2) Scoping 3) EIS Preparation 4) Review |
| What are the required elements in a negligence claim? | 1) Duty of the defendant to the plaintiff 2) Breach of that duty 3) Damage to the plaintiff 4) Breach was the proximate cause of the damage |
| Define strict liability | Strict liability for abnormally dangerous activities may cause a defendant to be liable for harm to a person, land or personal property of another resulting from that activity, although the defendant has exercised the utmost care to prevent the harm. |
| What are the four types of torts? | Trespass, Nuisance, Negligence, Strict Liability |
| 10 CFR =? | Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Dept of Energy |
| 29 CFR = ? | Department of Labor |
| 30 CFR = ? | Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), Mineral Resources |
| 33 CFR = ? | Coast Guard, Navigation and Navigable Waters |
| 40 CFR = ? | EPA, Protection of the Environment |
| 49 CFR = ? | Department of Transportation |
| 5 EMS components | Environmental policy, planning, Implementation and operation, Checking and Corrective Action, Management Review |
| The five assets of the SIGMA guidelines | Natural capital (environment), human capital (people), social capital (relationships/structures), manufactured capital (fixed assets), financial capital (profit, sales, shares, cash) |
| 7 steps of an audit | Initiation, Document review, prepare for on-site audit, perform on-site audit, prepare the audit report, complete the audit, conduct the audit follow-up |
| 8 types of records to review in an audit | environmental permits, environmental logs and inspections, correspondence to/from regulatory agencies, regulatory report filings, facility material balance, emission inventories, MSDSs, Hazardous waste manifests/shipping papers |
| Nine penalty mitigation conditions | Systematic discovery, voluntary discovery (sampling/auditing), prompt disclosure (within 21 days), independent discovery and disclosure, correction and remediation within 60 days, prevent recurrence of the violation, repeat violations are ineligible, ineligible violations (actual harm, imminent and substantial endangerment, violates terms of an AO or CA), cooperation is required. |
| CDI calculation | CDI = (Concentration)(daily intake)(exposure frequency)(exposure duration, typ 70 years)/(body weight, typ 70 kg)(average exposure time (day) |
| Risk calculation | risk = slope factor (SF) x CDI |
| WBS | Work breakdown structure (PM) |
| Four characteristics of a corporation | limited liability to the extent of assets, continuity of life, centralization of management, free transferability of ownership interests (an LLC can only have two of these traits) |
| SWOT | Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (business) |
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