Bio 20C: Begining Ecology
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Created by:
IceTia on November 12, 2010
Subjects:
ecology, marine ecology, population biology
Description:
Key terms from the first 4 lectures after the midterm.
11/3/10
11/8/10
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Intertidal zone | The shallow zone of the ocean where land meets water. It is covered and uncovered by tides |
| Neritic Zone | The region of shallow ocean water over the continental shelf. |
| Oceanic Zone | vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward |
| Photic Zone | well-lit upper layer of the oceans |
| Aphotic Zone | permanently dark layer of the oceans below the photic zone |
| Behavior | Response to a stimulus Causation: What triggers the behavior Developement: changes in behavior with age and learning |
| Innate Behavior | A way of characterizing behavior; Innate is the behavior present at birth. Ex. Sneezing |
| Learned Behavior | A way of characterizing behavior; learned behavior is aquired via life |
| FAPs | Fixed Action Patterns. 3 Characteristics: 1. Once started, it runs to completion 2. Inflexible 3. Species Specific ex. Spider Webs |
| Deprivation Experiments | Animal is reared in isolation without the opportunity to learn a specific behavior. |
| Genetic Experiments | Identify specific genes that trigger behaviors ex. FosB mutant mouse mother who won't take care of her babies |
| Learning | Change in behavior as a result of a specific life experience. |
| Population | Group of individuals f the same species that: -live in the same area -utilize the same resources |
| Population Ecology | analyzes factors that affect a population size and distribution through time |
| Population Parameters | Density - # per unit area Dispersion - distribution within that area/volume Reproductive Strategy - set of behaviors that presumably have evolved to maximize reproductive success |
| Dispersion | distribution within that area/volume. 3 types: 1. Clumped - aggregated aroung resources 2. Regular/Uniform - evenly distributed in space 3. Random |
| Semelparity | Breed once and die ex. Salmon |
| Iteroparity | Multiple breeding events in a lifetime |
| Demography | The scientific study of population size and structure over time 4 components: 1. Births (increases) 2. Deaths (decreases) 3. Immigration (increases) 4. Emigration (decreases) |
| Survivorship | Proportion of individuals surviving to a particular age class |
| Cohort | Individuals born in the same period |
| Survivorship Curve | A plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age. Type 1 (physiological) Type 2 (ecological) Type 3 (maturational) |
| Type 1 curve | Physiological Survivorship curve. More young. Few old |
| Type 2 curve | Ecological Survivorship curve. Constant through life |
| Type 3 curve | Maturational Survivorship curve. Few young. More old |
| Fecundity | the average number of births per individual in a population |
| Age specific fecundity | average number of females produced by a female of a certain age class |
| Life Tables | age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population that are used for demographic analysis. Required info: No, Ix, mx |
| Ixmx | Realized Reproductive Rate - average number of offspring produced per female born |
| Ro | Net reproductive rate, Ixmx if Ro>1 population growing if Ro<1 population shrinking |
| Ecology | the study of how organisms interact with the environment -Understand distribution and abundance of organisms -Recognize/ explain patterns in nature |
| Abiotic Interactions | interactions between organisms and their nonliving environment |
| 4 types of ecology | Organismal Ecology, Population Ecology, Community Ecology, and Ecosystem Ecology. |
| Organismal Ecology | the study of morphology (body shape), physiology and behavior of organisms and their environment |
| Population Ecology | The study of populations in relation to the environment, including environmental influences on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size. |
| Community Ecology | focus on how interactions between species, such as predation, competition and symbiosis affect community structure and organization |
| Ecosystem Ecology | emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling between the organisms in an area and the abiotic environment |
| Climate | Long-term weather WHAT YOU EXPECT |
| Weather | the short term atmospheric/aquatic conditions WHAT YOU GET |
| Precipitation | the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) + Influenced by temperature and air circulation |
| Hadley Cell | a large cell of circulating air formed by infrared radiation at the earth's surface causing warm air to rise. the rising air cools and falls back to the surface. Air heats at equator Warm air holds more moisture Rising air cools, causes rain Cool air flows north and south Cool air sinks Warms as it decends, picks up moisture from land |
| Ferrel Cell | North and South of Hadley Cells |
| Seasonality | Annual changes in the state of atmosphere (temperature/precipitation). Results from Earths motions and the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation. Largely driven by solar altitudes throughout the year. Solstices (Summer & Winter). Equinoxes (Spring & Fall) |
| Topographic Influence | Causes of regional variation in climate |
| Mountains | topographic feature: Causes cool air to rise and release moisture Slopes facing water = wet side Opposite slopes drier = rain shadow |
| Oceans | topographic feature: Modify temp due to high specific heat of water Result is cooler summers and warmer winters |
| Major terrestrial biomes | tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, temperate grassland, subtropical desert, tropical wet forest (Tia Tokes Dank Greens Down Town) |
| Biome | A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life |
| Tundra | a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line Low species diversity, primary productivity and above ground biomass Permafrost = below ground soil permanently frozen Very low average temperature with high variation Very low average precipitation with low variation |
| Taiga (Boreal Forest) | Boreal = northern hemisphere Low average temperature with high variation Low average precipitation with low variation Cool enough to retain moisture in the soil Low productivity, low diversity, but high above ground biomass |
| Temperate Decidious Forest | Moderate average temperature with high variation Moderate average precipitation with moderate variation Increased moisture allows trees to grow and persist Unlike wet tropics, have dormant period High productivity and moderate diversity Can be divided into temperate rainforest and temperate deciduous forest |
| Temperate Grassland | Moderate average temperature with moderate variability Low to moderate precipitation with low variability AKA prairies or steppes - dominated by wild grasses - a grassland region maintained by seasonal drought, occasional fires, and grazing by large mammals |
| Subtropical Desert | High average temperature with moderate variation Very low average precipitation with low variation Low net primary productivity, above ground biomass and species diversity |
| Tropical wet rainforest | High average temperature with low variation Very high average precipitation with high variation High levels of productivity Mainly of brood leaf evergreen High above ground biomass High species and structural diversity |
| Freshwater Biomes | (lentic vs lotic systems, streams, lakes/ponds, wetlands) Lentic= still or slowly flowing water Lotic= Rapidly, unidirectionally flowing water |
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