| Term | Definition |
|---|
| laissez faire | It literally means let alone in French. It means that government should interfere as little as possible with the economy. |
| Election of 1800 | Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President. |
| Marbury v. Madison | Declared the Judicial Act of 1789 unconstitutional. More importantly, this case set the precedent for judicial review, meaning the Supreme Court could decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional. |
| 12th Amendment | Passed as a result of the Election of 1800 and required electors to vote separately for the President and Vice President. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France, under the rule of Napoleon, in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the Louisiana Purchase, and Napoleon gave up his empire in North America. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. |
| How did conditions between Britain and France affect US shipping and trade prior to the War of 1812? | France and Britain were at war, so the US wanted to remain neutral and trade with both. However, Britain and France wanted to prevent each other from trading with the US, so both would impede trade by seizing US ships. |
| Embargo Act | The U.S. tried to hurt Britain and France by cutting off the supplies they needed from America because it banned all the U.S.'s foreign trade. |
| impressments | The practice of forcing people into service. British ships would stop American vessels and impress American sailors. This led to Americans becoming extremely angry and eager for war with Britain. |
| nationalism | Devotion to one's country. This belief inspired War Hawks to desire war because they believed Britain was treating the U.S. like it was still a colony. |
| War Hawks | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand. |
| Relations with Native Americans | War broke out between Native Americans and American settlers. Americans discovered that the British were helping the Indians, and America became even angrier with Britain. |
| Results of the War of 1812 | U.S. gained national pride from victories at New Orleans and at sea. The British recognized U.S. boundaries and stayed out of the Northwest Territory. American industry prospered making more goods at home. The Federalist Party diminished. |
| Monroe Doctrine | Issued by Monroe as a result of Spanish colonies declaring their independence. It was warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. It was issued to keep Europe out of the Western Hemisphere. |
| National Road | First national road building project funded by Congress. It made travel and transportation of goods much easier because it was one continuous road that was in good condition. |
| Impact of the Erie Canal | Made shipping goods much cheaper and easier. NYC became center of commerce, and trade there increases. Trade and travel increased. Other states built canals, making links between farms in the West and cities in the East. |
| judicial review | the right of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional |
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