Chemistry test 6
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Created by:
ceduva4912 on November 13, 2010
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BONDING
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chemical bond | a link between two atoms formed when electrons are attracted to both nuclei at the same time |
| What are the two types of chemical bonds? | Ionic and covalent |
| Ionic bonds occurs between ... | a metal and a nonmetal |
| Ionic bonds involve a ... | transfer of electrons |
| Covalent bonds occur between... | two nonmetals |
| Covalent bonds involve... | a sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Both types of bonding involve only interactions with the... | valence electrons |
| Octet rule | Atoms react by changing the number of electrons to get the stable electron structure of a noble gas |
| In both ionic and covalent bonds, the atoms are more stable as a ... than they are ... | compound, by themselves |
| Protons are located... | in the nucleus |
| Electrons are located... | outside the nucleus |
| Protons have a ... charge | positive |
| Electrons have a ... charge | negative |
| What is the charge on an atom? | The sum of positive and negative charges. |
| Normal atoms are ... in charge | neutral |
| Normal atoms have balanced numbers of... | protons and electrons |
| Ions | atoms or groups of atoms that are charged |
| Ions form by the... | gain or loss of electrons |
| Anions are formed by... | the gain of electrons |
| Anions have a ... charge | negative |
| Cations have a ... charge | positive |
| Cations are formed by... | the loss of electrons |
| The number over the A columns in the periodic table is equal to... | the number of valence electrons |
| Atoms are most stable when... | they have eight valence electrons |
| Atoms can gain electrons to... | get up to eight valence electrons |
| Atoms can lose electrons to... | drop to zero valence electrons (there are 8 in the next lower level) |
| Ions are found in the form of... | crystals |
| Covalent bonds are found in the form of... | molecules |
| Are molecular compounds typically electrolytes? | No |
| Are ionic compounds typically electrolytes? | yes |
| Electrolyte | a compound that conducts electricity |
| Electron dot structure | symbols for the atoms plus dots representing the valence electrons |
| Lewis structures | how to show covalent bonds |
| In a Lewis structure, use lines to represent... | pairs of electrons shared |
| In a Lewis structure, use dots to show... | electrons not used in bonding |
| In a Lewis structure, the middle pair of electrons is... | shared, giving both atoms a full valence level |
| Structural formula | Shows only bonds, not extra electrons |
| What are four different types of covalent bonds? | Single covalent bond, double covalent bond, triple covalent bond, coordinate covalent bond |
| How many pairs of electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? | One |
| How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double covalent bond? | Two |
| How many pairs of electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond? | Three |
| Coordinate covalent bond | one atom contributes both electrons in a covalent bond |
| In an ionic compound, electrons are transferred from atoms forming... | cations to atoms forming anions |
| In an ionic compound ... charged ions are then pulled together. | oppositely |
| Formula unit | the lowest, whole number ratio of one ion to another (ex: Mg(NO₃)₂ ) |
| Ions really form... | 3-dimensional solids, crystals |
| Ionic compounds include... | acids, bases, and salts |
| Which ions can act as electrolytes? | All of them |
| Electrolyte | they will conduct electricity when dissolved in water |
| Metallic bonds | the attraction of free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions |
| The structure of metallic bonds explain why metals are..(3) | Good conductors of electricity, easily shaped, can form alloys |
| Alloys | physical mixtures of different metals |
| Network solids | all the atoms are covalently bonded to each other |
| The fact that diamonds are network solids explains why diamonds are ..., for you must ... | very hard to break, break many covalent bonds |
| Molecular solids | covalently bonded molecules tied together by weaker intermolecular forces |
| Van der Waals forces | weak attractions resulting from shifting dipoles |
| Van der Waals and dispersion forces are generally the... | same |
| According to dispersion forces, the more electrons you have, the greater the... | attraction between the molecules |
| Dipole interactions | polar molecules are attracted to one another |
| Hydrogen bonds | attractive forces in which hydrogen that is covalently bonded to one atom is also attracted to another atom |
| Ice is ... than water. | less dense |
| Molecular orbitals are formed by... | the overlap of two atomic orbitals when atoms combine |
| Because electron pairs ..., the molecules adjust their shapes so that the electron pairs are as ... | repel, far apart as possible |
| Dipole | When different atoms share electrons, one atom pulls harder on the electrons than the other. This makes one end positive and the other negative. |
| Whether a molecule is polar or not depends on its... | shape |
| If a molecule is symmetrical, the dipoles of individual bonds can... | cancel |
| If a molecule is symmetric, is it polar or nonpolar? | Nonpolar |
| Polar molecules | one end of the molecule becomes slightly negative and one end slightly positive |
| What shapes can polar molecules be? | Linear (different), p³ pyramid, p² bent |
| What shapes can nonpolar molecules be? | Linear (same), sp linear, sp² trigonal planar, sp³ tetrahedron |
| Nonpolar covalent bonds | atoms in a molecule are the same, the bonding electrons are shaped equally. The "pull" on the electrons is the same from both nuclei |
| polar covalent bonds | when two different atoms are joined by a covalent bond the bonding electrons are shared unequally |
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