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Enclosure One of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers Crop rotation the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land Industrialization the development of industries for the machine production of goods Factors of production the resources--including land, labor, and capital--that are needed to produce goods and services Entrepreneur a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business Laissez faire the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses Capitalism an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit Utilitarianism The theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people Socialism an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all Communism an economic system in which all means of production--land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses--are owned by the people, private property does not exist, adn all goods and services are shared equally Collective bargaining negotiations between workers and their employers Suffrage the right to vote Anti-Semitism prejudice against Jews Zionism a movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine Dominion in the British Empire, a nation allowed to govern its own domestic affairs Penal colony a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison Home rule a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by a ruling government Manifest Destiny the idea, popular among mid-19th-century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the United States to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Segregation the legal or social separation of people of different races Mass culture the production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience Imperialism a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially Assimilation a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs Geopolitics a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands Sepoy an Indian soldier serving under British command Extraterritorial rights an exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country