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God of mummification and the afterlife; has the head of a jackal. Anubis Goddess of the moon and cats; has the head of a cat as well. Bast God of the Earth; husband of Nut; one of the first Beings of Creation. Geb Goddess of the Sky; Wife of Geb; one of the first Beings of Creation Nut Goddess of fertility and cows; wife of Horus. Hathor God of the Sun; often had the head of a falcon. Often combined with Amen, as the god Amen-Ra. Ra God of Wisdom and learning. Often depicted with the head of an ibis. Thoth God of chaos and deserts. Killed Osiris, his brother. Set (or Seth) God of the Sky, Sun, and War. Overcame Set in revenge for his father's death. Son of Isis and Osiris. Sometimes seen with the head of a falcon. Horus Green-skinned God of the Underworld and Death, after being killed and torn into 4 pieces by Set. Husband and brother of Isis; father of Horus. Osiris Goddess of motherhood, crops, simplicity. Instrumental in bringing Osiris back to life. Wife and sister of Osiris; mother of Horus. Isis Warrior goddess; protector of pharaohs. Has the head of a lioness. Sekhmet Counterpart of Isis; symbolizes death transition; married to Set. Nephthys Pharaoh deified into the God of Medicine and Healing. Imhotep Symbol meaning life and rebirth Ankh Sacred beetle symbolizing the sun Scarab Used as a counter-balance against the heart in the Underworld; represents truth. Feather Sacred animals in Egypt; said to be avatars of the gods. Cats Symbol representing the sun, after Isis restored Horus' eye following his fight with Set. Eye of Horus Sacred fire-bird that dies in flames and is reborn; symbol of fire and divinity Phoenix Creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human. They enjoy riddles. Sphinx One of the longest-reigning pharaohs; one of even fewer women. (Queen) Hatshepsut Famous for escapades with Caesar and Mark Antony. Commited suicide by asp venom. (Queen) Cleopatra Promoted the monotheistic Atenism; husband of Nefertiti. Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) Wife of Akhenaten; step-mother of Tutankhamen. Known for attempts to change polytheistic religion to monotheism. Nefertiti Began rule at 9. Rejected religion of Akhenaten; tomb found intact in the Valley of Kings. King Tut (Tutankhamen) Led campaigns against Syria, defeated Hittites, and expanded empire. Built monuments in his honor; deified as a god. Attempted to erase the Amarna Period. Ramses II Builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Khufu A series of Macedonian rulers that succeeded Alexander the Great in Egypt. Ptolemy First engineer and architect known by name; created or improved papyrus; deified. Imhotep