SOCIAL STUDIES EXAM VOCAB
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Created by:
margaretrossjones on November 15, 2010
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all vocab, vocabulary words, i.d.s, etc
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 goods | things that are produced or manufactured for the use of money making |
| services | acts or trades offered to be done for money or for another good |
| scarcity | when a supply or good is very little |
| supply | the amount available of a certain good or service |
| demand | the amount of good or service wanted by the public |
| expanding market economy | a growing economy based on the rise and fall of the stock market and the consumers/users of the good or service |
| Capitalism | an economic system characterized by private ownership of goods and businesses |
| stock | a share of a company that can be bought or sold to make profit |
| investment capital | money from investors |
| stock market | a place where shares of companies are bought and sold, usually by stock brokers representing other people |
| stock broker | someone who buys and sells stocks for other people |
| bull market | term used for an economy that's doing well |
| bear market | term used for an economy thats doing poorly |
| bonus | money used to give employees a raise in pay |
| gross income | total amount of money made without subtracting costs, bonuses, and salaries |
| net income | total amount of money made after subtracting cocts, bonuses, and salaries |
| taxes | required payments to the government |
| costs | expenses |
| capital | an accumulated stock of wealth |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes an enterprise, a contractor; a [wealthy] businnesman |
| Henry Ford | invented the car and was one of the first people to take advantage of the assembly line |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone |
| Thomas Alva Edison | famous inventor of the light bulb and many other things. owns more patents than any other inventor |
| Andrew Carnegie | one of the richest men of his time, used the bessemer process to build cheaper, stronger steel from iron ore for buildings, bridges, and train tracks |
| corporation | a business that is registered with the govn't , A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts. Can sell stocks! |
| sole proprietorship | a business owned and managed by a single individual |
| imperialism | the economic and political domination of a stronger nation over a weaker one |
| manifest destiny | the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| anglo-saxonism | the belief that English speaking countries are superior |
| annexation | the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation |
| U.S.S. Maine | Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War |
| President McKinley | the president during the Spanish American War; asked congress to go to war in Cuba |
| Treaty of Paris | (1898) , Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the U.S. representatives, Spain also ceded the Phillipines. The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899. |
| Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; Hearst and Pulitzer used it to sell more newspapers |
| William Hearst | A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." |
| Joseph Pulitzer | creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism |
| New York World | Pulitzer's paper. A typical page of the paper consisted of a lot of hype designed to get more people interested. |
| New York Journal | a newspaper/ journal that Hearst wrote and owned that was in competition with Pulitzer, the newspaper also used yellow journalism |
| Commodore Dewey | Was an admiral of the United States Navy, where he was best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. He also was the only person in the history of the United States to attain the rank of 'Admiral of the Navy' |
| Rough Riders | Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War |
| anti-imperialism | belief that the U.S. should not expand its territory overseas and that the U.S. should just be a normal country and leave the other countries alone |
| Alfred T Mahan | 1840-1914. US Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator. Influenced navies worldwide on the importance of building a strong navy. Author of "The Influence of Seapower Upon History, 1660-1783" in 1890. Taught at Naval War College, and was twice President of College. |
| Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | President Roosevelt in 1904 established the right of the USA to intervene anywhere in the western hemisphere in order to maintain order and to prevent "wrong doing"; that the U.S. had rights to be a 'police officer of the Western Hemisphere' Stated that the Monroe Doctrine still existed; said that US would act as a police officer to all Latin American countries and that they would keep the European Military off of the Western Hemisphere |
| Big Stick Policy | Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen |
| progressivism | the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society |
| laissez-faire | a policy based on the idea that government sould play as small a role as possible in the ecomony |
| muckrakers | newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business |
| urbanization | expanding cities |
| trusts | aka monopolies - large businesses increasing rapidly in both number and power by buying and taking over the market; controls or almost controls and entire type of business => NO COMPETITION!!!!! |
| monopolies | aka trusts - large businesses increasing rapidly in both number and power by buying and taking over the market; controls or almost controls and entire type of business => NO COMPETITION!!!!! |
| J.P. Morgan | National businessman that bought out all of the competition so that he had many large monopolies/trusts; owner of Northern Securities |
| Northern Securities | a major northern railroad monopoly that was controlled by J.P. Morgan |
| Upton Sinclair | United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968), wrote the Jungle, a book about the horrors of food production |
| Boone and Crockett Club | was a 'club' founded by T.R. and the owner of Forest and Stream magazine. It supported concepts that had to deal with the environment, such as scientific forest management, clean water, and restricted use of natural resources. It also promoted hunting, but along with the idea of preservation of the game and land. It helped enforce the idea of conservation and it protected species and natural parks. |
| Reclamation Service of 1902 | It used the government's power to build irrigation systems to water farmlands to make them more arable, or able to be farmed. This allowed many people to build farms on good land without the having to cut down trees for new land. |
| John Muir | T.R.'s friend who favored keeping forest lands completely intact, but often disagreed with Roosevelt on policy matters. He and Roosevelt were allies and admirers |
| Gifford Pinchot | head of the u.s. forest service under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them; chief of the bureau of forestry |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | made companies label their food and producvts with the ingredients; made it so there was no bad food or drugs legally sold |
| affidavit | a legal, true statement from someone that can be used by the government against someone else or something |
| Meat Inspection Act | made better working conditions for employees, better government inspections, and helped set good sanitary standards |
| central powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire alliance in WWI |
| allied powers | Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, and Italy alliance in WWI |
| Franz Josef | Emperor of Austria-Hungary at the outbreak of World War I. |
| propaganda | Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. |
| Franz Ferdinand | archduke of Austria Hungary who was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand; his death was a main cause for World War I |
| Schlieffen Plan | Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia. |
| No Man's Land | Territory between rival Trenches, very dangerous |
| over the top | Expression referring to climbing out of a trench or over the front edge of the trench to begin moving across no man's land. |
| trenches | narrow, zigzagging dirt enclosures four feet wide and six or seven feet deep |
| Western Front | A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other |
| neutrality | refusal to take sides; impartiality |
| loans | amounts of money given to somebody on the condition that it will be payed back later |
| unrestricted submarine warfare | the use of German submarines to sink without warning any ship , including neutral ships and unarmed passenger liners |
| U-Boats | German submarines |
| Selective Service Act | law requiring men to register for military service |
| General John Pershing | Commander of the American Expeditionary Force |
| Lusitania | British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons Amereica decided to join the war. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | German proposal of a German Mexican alliance, promising the return of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico; was intercepted by the British and sparked U.S. desire to go to war |
| American Expeditionary Force | the name given to the american military force that fought in World War I; about 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing |
| War Industries Board | a board of men created by President Wilson that coordinate the activities of government and business during the war |
| liberty cabbage | sauerkraut changed name because it was german. |
| Committee on Public Information (CPI) | committee used to produce propaganda favorable to the Allied cause |
| reparations | payments for war damage after the war to countries that had suffered the damage or losses of that war |
| war guilt clause | stated that Germany was solely responsible for World War I |
| armistice | a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms |
| League of Nations | an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations |
| Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans |
| barter | to trade a good or service for another good or service |
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