bio unit 3 pt 2
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 plasma | the liquid matrix of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended, half of volume in blood, 90% water, 10% inorganic fluids |
| open system | system where blood is pumped out of vessels and flows among cells; no separation between blood and interstitial fluid |
| closed system | system where blood confined to blood vessels, distinct from interstitial fluid |
| gastrovascular cavity | cell layers are thin enough so substances can move directly from cell to cell |
| pulse | rhythmic stretching of the arteries |
| blood pressure | force that blood exerts against the walls of our blood vessels and created by pumping of the heart, main force driving blood from the heart through the arteries and arerioles to capillary beds |
| diastole | when the heart is relaxed and blood flows through all 4 chambers |
| systole | stage in which atria contracts and completely fills the ventricles with blood |
| capillaries | blood vessel that is solely responsible for exchange between blood and interstitial fluid, SUBSTANCES CAN DIFFUSE BETWEEN THE BLOOD INSIDE THEIR WALLS, AND THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID OUTSIDE OF THEM |
| blood | specialized circulatory fluid; a type of connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which blood cells are suspended |
| interstitial fluid | fluid that is not part of the cytoplasm nor located in blood |
| arteries | carries blood away from the heart and away from the heart and to organs throughout the body; convey oxygen-riched blood, THICK AND STRONG BECAUSE THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD INTO THEM, WHICH THEY CARRY AROUND THE BODY, IF TOO MUCH BLOOD IS PUMPED ARTERY WALLS ARE STRONG |
| vein | return blood to heart; blood depleted of oxygen (oxygen-poor blood), THINNER-WALLED BECAUSE NOT AS MUCH PRESSURE IS EXERTED, BUT LARGE TO CARRY BLOOD. HAVE VALVES TO PREVENT BACK FLOW AS TO RETURN BLOOD TO HEART |
| atria (atrium) | a heart chamber that receives blood from veins |
| ventricle | a heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart |
| arterioles | small vessels that give rise to capillaries, receive blood from the arteries |
| pacemaker | a group of specialized cells located in the right atrium that stimulates each heart beat, maintains pumping rhythm |
| capillary beds | networks of capillaries that infiltrate every organ and tissue in the body |
| cardiac output | the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta per minute |
| artherosclerosis | accumulation of deposits called plaques on the inside of arterial walls |
| pulmonary artery | large blood vessel that conveys deoxygenated blood from the heart to a lung |
| pulmonary vein | a blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood from a lung back to the heart |
| aorta | an artery that conveys blood directly from the heart to the other arteries |
| superior vena cava | a large vein that returns oxygen poor blood to the heart from the upper body and head |
| inferior vena cava | a large vein that returns oxygen poor blood to the heart from the lower part of the body |
| cardiac cycle | complete sequence of filling/pumping, alternating contracts and relaxations of the heart, split into two phases |
| urea | nitrogenous wastes that are excreted by some animals including humans |
| platelets | bits of cytoplasm pinched off from large cells in the bone marrow, assist in blood clotting |
| red blood cells | most numerous blood cells, carry oxygen, 25 trillion, lack of nucleus provides more room for hemoglobin, formed in bone marrow |
| anemia | a condition in which an abnormally low amount of hemoglobin or low number of red blood cells causes one to feel tired and run down, lack of oxygen |
| white blood cells | cells that help defend the body, arise from bone marrow, numbers increase when the body is fighting infection |
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