| Term | Definition |
| Sudan | the region of northern africa |
| Caravans | a file of vehicles to pack animals traveling together |
| Medieval | of or relating to the middle ages |
| vicinity | the region within close range of a particular place |
| flourishing | to do well, prosper |
| floodplain | low ,flat land along a sream that is flood when the stream overfows |
| ladened | heavily loaded |
| goods | wares, things that are sold |
| thicket | a thick usually small patch of bushes or lower trees |
| primary | most important, first in time or development |
| livestock | animals kept or raised especially on a farm and for profit |
| endure | keep going without giving in to stress or tiredness |
| entourage | a group of followers |
| oasis | a green spot in a deser, where water can be found |
| caravanserai | an inn in the dessert with a covered area for animals to rest at |
| compounds | an enclosed area containing a group of buildings |
| cooperative | willing to cooperate or work with others |
| allocated | saved money or materials, move from one place to another, assignate |
| grievance | a formal complaint |
| irrigation | to supply with water by artificial means |
| adequate | good enough |
| game | animals hunted for sport or for food |
| meager | thin, insufficient |
| maternal | of or relating to a mother |
| paternal | of or relating to a father |
| dissent | disagree, different opinion |
| belligerence | carring on war |
| bartering | the trading of goods without the exchange of money |