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Simple machines machines able to do work with just one movement of the machine Simple machines formula w=f (x) d Lever family The lever, wheel & axle, and pulley Inclined plane family inclined plane, screw & wedge Lever First simple machine used by man. Rigid bar or rod that is able to pivot around a fulcrum. Work input The work you must do on a machine, when a machine is being used. Work input formula Win= Fe x de (de=effort distance) Work output Work the machine itself does Work output formula Wout=Fr x dr (dr=distance the resistance force has to move) Mechanical Advantage The amount that a machine is able to multiply the effort force put into it Mechanical Advantage formula MA=resistance force/effort force=Fr/Fe Ideal Mechanical Advantage For ideal machines that ignore friction (exist in the minds of engineers and designers) Law of levers Left side torque=right side torque Sum of individual torque on left side = Sum of individual torque on right side Greatest scientist in ancient times Archimedes First class lever Fulcrum is positioned in the middle, with effort force and resistance force at the opposite ends. FRE=Fulcrum in the middle Second class lever The resistance force is positioned in the middle, with the effort force and fulcrum at opposite ends FRE=Resistance force is in the middle Third class lever The effort force is positioned in the middle, with the resistance force and the fulcrum at opposite ends. FRE=Effort force is in the middle Ideal machines The work input = the work output (Win=Wout) work when a force is applied through a distance (the amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance.) Work formula W=F x d Work = Force x distance torque a force that causes twisting, turning, or rotation around a fulcrum, axis, or pivot point torque formula Force (or weight) x distance (from fulcrum) Ft=F x D Inclined plane One of the original six simple machines; as the name suggests, it is a flat surface whose endpoints are at different heights Joules (J) unit of electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy. Wheel & Axle A simple machine, in which a modified lever rotates in a circle around a center point or fulcrum Pulley A simple machine~made from a wheel and a rope. It is used to make lifting easier. Screw One of the six classical simple machines, essentially an inclined plane wrapped helically around an axis for a number of turns Wedge A simple machine shaped like an inclined plane, like an inclined plane.