Chapter 7 Vocabulary
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 John Burgoyne | British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 |
| Joseph Brant | Mohawk leader who supported the British during the American Revolution. (p. 581) |
| Benedict Arnold | Was an American hero in the Revolution. Then he "sold" West Point to the British and became a traitor to the United States. |
| Horatio Gates | Defeated General Burgoyne at the Battle of Saratoga |
| Battles of Saratoga | a series of conflicts between british soldiers and the continental army in 1777 that proved to be a turning point in the revolutionary war |
| Marquis de Lafayette | French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834) |
| Valley Forge | Worst time of the war for the Americans; Washington's men were camped during a terrible winter here without supplies, food and medicine |
| George Rogers Clark | the patriot who seized British forts on the southwestern frontier |
| John Paul Jones | sea commander who attacked British ships near the British coast |
| Wilderness Road | The trail into Kentucy that Daniel Boone helped build; although it was too narrow for carts or wagons and not easy to travel on, it became the main road into Kentucky. |
| Battle of Charles Town | British siege of Charles Town, South Carolina, in May 1780, in which the Americans suffered their worst defeat of the war |
| Lord Cornwallis | British general whose campaigns in the south led to his defeat at Yorktown |
| Battle of Yorktown | final battle of the war, in which French and American forces led by George Washington defeated British General Cornwallis |
| Treaty of Paris | Under this agreement, the British recognized the United States as an independent nation, the borders of the new nation extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, and the southern border stopped at Florida, which was returned to Spain. The west of the Mississippi River also went to Spain. |
| Elizabeth Freeman | enslaved African American who won her freedom in court |
| Richard Allen | an african american preacher who helped start the free african society and the african methodist episcopal church |
| Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | • document written by Jefferson that established freedom of religious beliefs and opinions, and the separation of church and state • model for part of the 1st Amendment |
| Writs of Assistance | a search warrant that allowed british officers to enter colonial homes or businesses to search for smuggled goods |
| Minutemen | members of the Massachusetts colony militia who could quickly be ready to fight the British |
| Intolerable Acts | The laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 that closed Boston Harbor, dissolved the Massachusetts assembly, and forced Boston colonists to house British soldiers. |
| First Continental Congress | The assembly of colonial delegates from every colony except Georgia that met in 1774 in Philadelphia to oppose the Intolerable Acts. |
| Second Continental Congress | They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence |
| Thomas Paine | Patriot and writer whose pamphlet Common Sense, published in 1776, convinced many Americans that it was time to declare independence from Britain. |
| Ethan Allen | led the "Green Mountain Boys" to take over Fort Ticonderoga |
| Thomas Jefferson | He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States. |
| George Washington | Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War |
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