PN 2100 test #2
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Created by:
jillrickenbacker on November 17, 2010
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 first degree burn | superficial, epidermis layer, skin is red and dry. |
| second degree burn | partial thickness, blistered, skin moist, pink or red, epidermis and dermis layer affected. |
| third degree burn | full thickness, charring, skin is black, brown or red, epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers affected. |
| fourth degree burn | full thickness, charring, skin is white or black with networks of thrombosed capillaries, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous, and muscle & bone affected. |
| burn care nursing interventions | maintaining patent airway and replacing body fluids and electrolytes, use of sterile gloves always. |
| IV solution used most for burns | Normal saline with lactated ringers. |
| Post op graft care | applications of pressure dressings, immobilize wound for 3-7 days post op. |
| rules of nines | head & neck 9%, anterior trunk 18%, posterior trunk 18%, arms 9% each (18%), legs 18% each (36%), and perineum is 1% |
| reverse isolation | the introduction of microorganism to patient is great. |
| functions of the liver | produces heparin, emulsifies fat, converts glucose to glycogen, metabolizes hormones, turns amino acids into protein(albumin), filters blood, and produces fibrogen, and prothrombin. |
| indication of liver damage | decreased albumin, and delayed clotting factors. |
| complications of cirrhosis | portal hypertension that leads to esophageal varices. |
| esophageal varices | distended engorged vessels resulting from increased portal pressure. |
| # 1 tx. for esophageal varices | iced lavage |
| hepatorenal failure | caused by the decreased blood flow to the kidneys. |
| s/s of hepatorenal failure | asterixis is the first sign, then azotemia, oliguria, and ascites. |
| medications for hepatorenal failure | colac or laculose, attaches to the ammonia in the GI tract and removes it. |
| dx. test for colac | ph test of the stool, looking for acidic reading indicating that ammonia is being removed. |
| Medications for cirrhosis | aldactone, inderal, and vitamin K. |
| ascorbic acid | vitamin supplement, given PO, IM, and you must check color before giving, must be clear. |
| retrovirus | uses RNA to make copies of DNA that becomes genetic makeup of cells. |
| normal CD4 cell count | 1000 |
| CD4 count | used to establish stage of HIV infection. |
| Early HIV | CD4 count <500, s/s fever, nightsweats, enlarged lymph nodes, and persistent infections. |
| full blown aids | CD4 count <200, s/s PCP, and esophageal candidas. |
| ELISA test | preliminary test or screening to detect HIV antibodies, if + retest. |
| Western Blot test | used to confirm HIV status. |
| PCP | most common opportunistic infection seen with HIV/AIDS. |
| s/s of PCP | fever, chest pain, dyspnea, cough. |
| meds. for PCP | Bactrim unless allergic, then pentnum is used. |
| histoplasmosis | fungal infection, usually inhaled. |
| dx. test for histoplasmosis | sputum culture |
| s/s of histoplasmosis | cough, increased temp., and malaise. |
| meds. for histoplasmosis | Amphotercin B, given IV, given first, then NIZORAL for maintenance therapy. |
| Side effects of AmpohotercinB | thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and renal impairment. |
| NI for Amphotercin B | premedicate with benadryl as amphotercin causes anaphylatic shock, do not give with Foscavir, and it must be kept out of the light. |
| MAC | caused by organisms found in soil or water. |
| Dx. for MAC | tissue biopsy. |
| s/s of MAC | physical wasting. |
| meds. for MAC | biaxin, cipro, and zithromax. |
| CMV | caused by herpes virus |
| s/s of CMV | weight loss, fever, diarrhea. |
| Meds. for CMV | cytovene, and Foscavir. complication is retinitis. |
| Diet for HIV/AIDS | small frequent high calorie meals, fluids to be given in between meals not with them. |
| cryptosporidiosis | caused by contaminated food or water. |
| DX. test for cryptosporidiosis | stool specimen |
| s/s of cryptosporidosis | profuse watery diarrhea, weight loss, fever, anorexia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. |
| Meds. for cryptosporidiosis | lomodil, and imodium |
| NI for cryptosporidiosis | proper hand washing is a must. |
| cryptococcosis meningitis | fungal infection found in bird droppings, soil, fruits, and fruit juices. |
| s/s of crypto meningitis | ha, mental status changes, fever, and stiff neck. |
| Meds. for crypto meningitis | diflucan, and amphotercin B |
| Toxoplasmosis | found in cats and raw meats. |
| s/s for toxoplasmosis | lethargy, ha, fever, and seizures |
| meds. for toxoplasmosis | daraprim, which is an antiprozoal, and must give with folic acid. |
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