Chem Test Ch. 1&3
About this set
Created by:
dbrockington on November 17, 2010
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Scientific Method | 1. Stating the problem 2.Observing and collecting data 3. Formulating hypotheses 4. Testing hypotheses 5. Constructing a model 6. Theorizing 7. Publish results 8. Scientific laws |
| Chemistry | the study of matter and all the changes it undergoes |
| Substance | (a.k.a. a chemical) matter that has definite and uniform composition |
| Organic chemistry | Emphasizes most carbon-containing chemicals; ex.'s of this field: pharmaceuticals, plastics |
| Inorganic chemistry | Emphasizes matter that does not contain carbon; ex.'s of this field: minerals, metals and nonmetals, semiconductors |
| Physical chemistry | Emphasizes the behavior and changes of matter and energy; ex's of this field: reaction rates, reaction mechanisms |
| Analytical chemistry | Emphasizes components and composition of substances; ex's of this field: food nutrients, quality control |
| Biochemistry | Emphasizes matter and processes of living organisms; ex's of this field: metabolism, fermentation |
| Theoretical chemistry | Emphasizes chemical interactions; ex's of this field: synthesizes new substances |
| Basic(pure) research | something simple done to gain simple knowledge for knowledge's sake |
| Applied research | something set out to solve a specific problem |
| Technological development | tries to make our lives easier |
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | measure of the amount of matter |
| Atom | smallest unit of an element that retains the property of that element |
| Element | a pure substance made up of one kind of atom |
| Compound | a substance that is made from atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined |
| Extensive properties | physical properties that depend on the amount present |
| Intensive properties | physical properties that do not depend on the amount present |
| Physical property | a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. These describe the substance itself. ex: density, odor, color, melting point |
| Physical change | a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
| Solid | has definite shape and volume; particles are close together and vibrate (lowest energy state) |
| Liquid | has indefinite shape, but definite volume; particles are fairly close together, but flow past each other. (slightly higher energy state). |
| Gas | has indefinite shape and indefinite volume; particles more rapidly moving and are farther apart (highest energy state) |
| Plasma | charged particles, so they respond to electromagnetic fields; take form of gas-like clouds or ion beams (a.k.a. "ionized gases"). |
| Chemical property | relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances |
| Chemical change/reaction | a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances |
| Reactants | the substances that react in a chemical change |
| Products | the substances that are formed by the chemical change |
| Exothermic | energy release, can be heat or light |
| Endothermic | energy absorbed, usually feels cold |
| Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties; the components of a _______are simply mixed together physically and can usually be separated. |
| Filteration | used to separate a mixture of a solid form of a liquid |
| Paper chromatography | used to separate dyes or pigments and is a technique that separates the components of a mixture based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material |
| Distillation | used to separate liquids based on the boiling point of the substance |
| Crystallization | a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance. |
| Pure substance | has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways: 1. Every sample of a given substance has exactly the same characteristic properties, chemical and physical. 2. Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition. As an example, pure water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass. |
| Groups/Families | vertical columns of the periodic table |
| Periods/Series | horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table; there are 7 of these in the periodic table. Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a ______. |
| Metal | an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity; these are malleable, ductile, tensile strength, solid (with the exception of Mercury), lustrous(shiny) |
| Nonmetal | an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity; all three states of matter are present in this group; the solids are brittle and tend to be dull. |
| Metalloid | an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals; have properties of metal and non metals, semi-conductor of heat |
| Noble gas | this is group VIII, they are "inert" meaning inactive or unreactive, all gases are at room temperature. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.