M2 - Force & Newton's Laws
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 force | a push or a pull |
| net force | the combination of all the forces acting on an object |
| balanced forces | two or more forces acting on an object that cancel each other out to give a net force of zero, and so do not change the object's velocity |
| unbalanced forces | two or more forces acting on an object that do not cancel each other out, so the object's velocity changes |
| Newton's first law | If the net force on an object is zero, an object at rest stays at rest, while a moving object keeps moving in a straight line at a constant speed. |
| friction | a force that opposes motion |
| Newton's second law | The acceleration of an object equals the net force divided by the mass, and is in the same direction as the net force. ( Expressed as A=F/m or F=ma) |
| weight | the size of the gravitational force exerted on an object, Weight(N) =mass(kg) x acceleration due to gravity(m/s2) |
| center of mass | the point in an object that moves as if all the object's mass were concentrated at that point |
| Newton's third law | Forces always act in pairs that are equal in size, but opposite in direction. |
| static friction | a force that prevents an object from moving, caused by attraction between the atoms on the two surfaces that are in contact |
| sliding friction | a force that opposes motion when one solid surface slides over another, caused by microscopic roughness of the two surfaces |
| rolling friction | a force that opposes the motion that occurs when a round object rolls over a surface |
| gravity | a force of attraction between all objects that depends on their masses and the distance between them |
| air resistance | a force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air |
| lubricant | a substance that reduces friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery |
| acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object, SI unit is kilogram (kg) |
| velocity | the speed and direction of an object |
| centripetal force | a force that causes an object to move in a circular path |
| fluid friction | a force that opposes motion when an object moves through a fluid (gas or liquid) |
| normal force | the force at right angles to a surface that is supporting an object. |
| terminal velocity | the maximum velocity reached by a falling object when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of air resistance pushing against the object. The object stops accelerating, and continues at constant speed. |
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