1.
Alexander II: (r.1855-81)Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated.
2.
Alexander III: (1881) son of Alex II, increased use of secret police, censorship, exiles to Siberia, Russification to suppress non-Russians, pogroms
3.
Bloody Sunday: 1905; peaceful march by Russians turned deadly when Czar's guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds
4.
censorship: Restriction on access to ideas and information
5.
Colossus: anything of gigantic size or power-How Russia was described
6.
Crimean War: 1853-1865 Russia vs. Ottoman Empire, which was supported by Brittan and France. Russia looses. Exposes areas that need reform.
7.
Duma: elected national legislature in Russia
8.
Heterogeneous: not similar; very different; mixed together-population of Russia
9.
industrialization: the development of industries for the machine production of goods-Russia slow to start this
10.
mutiny: Deliberate refusal to obey orders given by those in command-connected to naval military
11.
pogroms: Persecution of minorities, especially the Jews in Russia.
12.
radicals: People who take extreme political positions
13.
reactionary: strongly opposed to change; conservative-Nicholas I and Alexander III
14.
refugees: people who flee their country because of persecution or danger-Russian Jews came to the United States
15.
repression: restraint-what Russian gov't tried to do with revolutionaries
16.
Russification: Policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people.
17.
serfs: people bound to the land-majority of Russian population
18.
Trans-Siberian Railroad: connecting Moscow with Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan. It is the longest railway in the world-part of industrialization under Nicholas II
19.
Zemstvos: elected assemblies responsible for road repair, schools, and agriculture