hypoglycemia
About this set
Created by:
feiyingluu on November 19, 2010
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hypoglycemia | condition where blood glucose level is less than 2.5mmol/L (45mg/dL), symptom of underlying disease, can develop as result of liver diease, hormonal disorder, genetic disorcer, GI tract surgery body responds to falling blood glucose levels by stimulating sympathteic nervous system-->induces secretino of epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon-->have collective antagonistic effect on insulin secretion first organ to be affected is brain symptoms include confusion, dizziness, shaky feelling, hunger, headaches, irritability, pounding heart, racing pulse, pale skin, sweating, trembling, weakness, anxiety two division of symptoms: adrenergic and neuroglycopenic two regulator mechanisms: pancreatic secretion of glucagon, hypothalamus glucoreceptors classified as either reactive hypoglycemia or true organic fasting hypoglycemia occurs in insulin-dependent diabetics usually as a result of excess insulin or sulphonylurea administration, strenuous exercise, insufficient carbohydrate ingestion, excess alcohol ingestion |
| adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia | result of effects of epinephrine (palpitations, tremors, sweating), usually occur following sudden drop in blood glucose levels--catecholamine surge |
| neuroglycopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia | mediated by impaired supply of glucose to brain over extended period of time, following gradual decline in blood glucose concentration, does not elicit epinephrine response, brain cell malfunction when deprived of glucose, cognitive behavior affected, have slurred speech, confusion, seizures, may have coma leading to death if not corrected, slow decline in blood glucose level without sudden release of epinephrine |
| reactive hypoglycemia | may be caused by drug-induced hypoglycaemia or postprandial hypoglycaemia (within 5h of meal), some individuals manifest transitory hypoglycaemic symptoms after eating a large carbohydrate meal--causes exaggerated transient insulin response, does not usually indicate underlying disorder |
| fasting hypoglycemia | usually occurs 6-7 hours after last meal, indicative of underlying disorder, most patients are Type 1 diabetics receiving too large dose of insulin, may be caused by liver disease (more than 80% of liver damage can severely compromise hepatic gluconeogenesis), can be caused by Addison's disease--hyposecretion of cortisol rendering tissues more sensitive to insulin |
| alcohol induced hypoglycemia | consumption of large quantities of alcohol after fasting or being malnourished-->risk of becoming hypoglycaemic large quantities of alcohol produce large amount of NADH-->favor lactate formation rather than gluconeogenesis |
| factitious hypoglycaemia | from accidental or intentional use of hypoglycaemic agents (sulphonylureas / insulin injections) diagnose by measuring patient's serum levels of insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin at time of showing symptoms show high serum insulin, low C-peptide, low proinsulin levels |
| insulinoma | tumor in region of β-cells of islets of Langerhans, associated with excessive insulin production and secretion, mostly benign solitary lesions,usually found in tail of pancreas, treatment by surgery wherever possible |
| C peptide | formed when proinsulin is converted into insulin in pancreas, essential for proper folding of insulin, has a longer t1/2 than insulin (6min)-->elevated serum levels accompanies hyperinsulinism |
| Whipple's Triad | for diagnosis of hypoglycemia 1. adrenergic /neuroglycopenic symptoms 2. blood glucose <50mg/dL at time of symptoms 3. improvement of symptoms on ingestion of glucose |
| high serum insulin, low C-peptide levels, low proinsulin levels | indicative of insulin overdose, accidental or deliberate |
| high serum insulin, high C-peptide, high proinsulin levels with sulphonylurea | indicative of reactive hypoglycaemia, sulphonylurea overdose--promote pancreatic secretion of insulin |
| high serum insulin, high C-peptide, high proinsulin levels without sulphonylurea | indicative of insulinoma |
| fibrosarcoma | releases insulin-like protein that causes hypoglycaemia |
| glucagonoma | occur as result of tumors of α-cells of islet of Langerhans, excessive secretion of glucagon-->secondary diabetes |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.