Unit 3 Bio Test
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hypotonic | water is always |
| phospholipids | main molecule in cell membranes |
| lipid bilayer | cell boundary made of 2 layers of lipid cells surrounds cell as membrane structure |
| polar | membrane head |
| nonpolar | membrane tails |
| hydrophobic | nonpolar |
| hydrophilic | polar |
| solvent | dissolver |
| solute | dissolved substance |
| concentration gradient | when you go from high to low |
| diffuse across cell membrane | water and small lipids can... |
| selective permeability | when a cell membrane only lets some molecules into the cell |
| vesicles | bubbles around certain substances that move things in and out of the cells in endo/exocytosis |
| pulmonary circulation | pumping blood to lungs |
| systemic circulation | pumping blood to body |
| artery | blood vessel brings blood away from the heart, most muscular |
| vein | blood vessel brings blood towards the heart |
| valves | keep blood from flowing backwards into atria |
| capillaries | smallest blood vessel, brings nutrients and oxygen to tissues, absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products, in the kidney: reabsorb needed nutrients and secret waste materials |
| atrium | upper muscular chamber of the heart, receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle |
| ventricle | pumps oxygenated blood to aorta, and deoxygenated blood to pulmonary arteries to go to lungs (more muscular than atria) |
| plasma | straw colored fluid, makes up 55% of blood, made of water, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, and proteins |
| hemoglobin | protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from lungs to body tissues |
| red blood cells | blood cell that contains protein hemoglobin which transports oxygen |
| white blood cells | blood cell that fights off foreign substances in the body |
| platelets | cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps blood clot |
| respiratory system | to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| nasal cavity | ? |
| trachea | windpipe, tube which air moves through |
| larynx | also called the vocal cords, 2 elastic folds of tissue when pull the air going between them make vibrations that create sounds |
| alveoli | tiny air sacs that are connected to the end of bronchioles that provide surface area for gas exchange |
| lungs | air chambers that take in and push out air with the diaphragm that contain bronchioles |
| diaphragm muscle | muscle under the lungs, when it contracts down air goes in and pushes air out when it contracts up |
| bronchi | 2 large chest cavities that air pass through before the bronchioles |
| circulatory system | to transport oxygen and glucose throughout the body |
| kidney | main organ in excretory system |
| nephrons | tubes in the kidney that filter the blood |
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