Muscular System Work Packet

Terms	Definitions
Cardiac and smooth	Involuntary muscle tissue.
Skeletal and cardiac	Muscle tissue with a banded appearance.
Smooth	Muscle tissue that has longitudinally and circularly arranged layers.
Skeletal	Muscle tissue with dence connective tissue packaging.
Cardiac	Muscle tissue with Figure-8 packaging of the cells.
Cardiac	Muscle tissue that has a coordinated activity to act a pump.
Skeletal	Muscle tissue that moves bones and the facial skin.
Skeletal	Muscle tissue referred to as the muscular tissue.
Skeletal	Voluntary muscle tissue.
Perimysium	Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle.
Epimysium	Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle.
Sarcomere	Contractile unit of muscle.
Fiber	A muscle cell.
Endomysium	Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell.
Sarcolemma	Plasma membrane of the muscle cell.
Myofibril	A long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance.
Myofilament	Actin- or myosin- containing structure.
Tendon	Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle, serving to attach it to the bone.
Fascicle	A discrete bundle of muscle cells.
Motor Unit	A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called __________.
Axonal terminal	A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called ___________.
Synaptic cleft	A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called axonal terminals. The actual gap between an axonal endings and the muscle cell is called a _________.
Acetylcholine	A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called axonal terminals. The actual gap between an axonal endings and the muscle cell is called a synaptic cleft. Within the axonal endings are many small vesicles containing a neurotransmitter substance called __________.
Nerve impulse	When the _________ reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released, and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane to combine with receptors there.
Depolarization	When the nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released, and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane to combine with receptors there. Binding of the neurotransmitters with muscle membrane receptors cause the membrane to become permeable to sodium, resulting in the influx of sodium ions and ________ of the membrane. Then contraction of the muscle cell occures.
First	"Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction by the axonal terminal" is the _______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Fourth	"The action potential, carried deep into the cell, causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions." is the ______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Seventh	"The muscle cell relaxes and lengthens" is the ______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Second	"Acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma." is the _______ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Fifth	"The calcium ion concentration at the myofilaments increases; the myofilaments slide past one another, and the cell shorts." is the _______ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Third	"Depolarization occurs, and the action potential is generated." is the ________ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Sixth	"As calcium is actively reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilaments decreases." is the ________ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.
Light band	What region of the sarcomere shortens during contraction Light or Dark band?
Muscle cell in the resting, or polarized, state just before stimulation.	There is a greater concentration of NA+ Outside the cell, and there is a greater concentration of K+ Inside the cell. When the stimulus is delivered, the permeability of the membrane is changed, and NA+ diffuses into the cell, initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave begins, a repolarization wave follows it across the membrane. This occurs as K+ diffuses out of the cell. Repolzarization restores the Electrical conditions of the resting cell membrane. The Relative ionic concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane during rest.
Tetanus	_________ is a continuous contraction that shows no evidence of relaxation.
Isotonic contraction	a(n) ________ is a contraction in which the muscle shortens and work is done.
Many motor units	To accomplish a strong contraction, _______ are stimulated at a rapid rate.
Few motor units	When a weak but smooth muscle contraction is desired, ________ are stimulated at a rapid rate.
Fatigue	When a muscle is being stimulated but is not able to respond because of "oxygen debt," the condition is called _________.
Isometric contraction	A(n) _________ is a contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but tension in the muscle keeps increasing.
Anaerobic glycolysis	Accompanied by lactic acid formation.
Aerobic respiration	Supplies the highest ATP yield per glucose molecule.
Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP	Involves the simple transfer of a phosphate group.
Anaerobic glycolysis and Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP.	Requires no oxygen.
Aerobic respiration	The slowest ATP regeneration process.
Aerobic respiration	Produces Carbon dioxide and water.
Aerobic respiration	The energy mechanism used in the second hour of running in a marathon.
Anaerobic glycolysis	Used when the oxygen supply is inadequate over time.
Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP	Good for a sprint.
Decreased ATP, Increased Lactic Acid, Decreased Oxygen, and Increased carbon dioxide.	Happens within a muscle cell during oxygen debt.
Plantar flextion	Standing on your toe as in ballet is ________.
Dorsiflexion	Walking on your heels is _________.
Circumduction	Winding up for a pitch (as in baseball) can properly be called ________.
Adduct	To keep your seat when riding a horse, the tendency is to ________ your thighs.
Flexion	In running, the action at the hip joint is ________ in reference to the leg moving forward.
Extension	In running, the action at the hip joint is flexion in reference to the leg moving forward and _______ in reference to the leg in the posterior position.
Extension	When kicking a bootball, the action at the knee is ________.
Flexed	In climbing stairs, the hip and knee of the forward leg are both _________.
Flexion	You have just touched your chin to your chest; this is ________ of the neck.
Rotation	Using a screwdriver with a straight arm requires __________ of the arm.
Circumduction	Joint movement often used for strengthening all the upper arm and shoulder muscles is __________.
Rotation	Moving the head to signify "no" is _________.
Pronation	Action that moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna is __________>
Adduction	Raising the arms laterally away from the body is called _____________ of the arms.
Prime mover	Agonist
Fixator	Postural muscles for the most part.
Synergist	Stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more distal joints.
Synergist	Performs the same movement as the prime mover.
Antagonist	Reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover.
Fixator	Immobilizes the origin of a prime mover.
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region and Relative size of the muscle.	How is the gluteus maximus is named?
Action of the muscle and Relative size of the musle.	How is the Adductor magnus named?
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region and Number of origins.	How is the Biceps femoris named?
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region and direction in which the musce fibers run relative to some imaginary line.	How is the Transversus abdominis named?
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region, Action of the muscle, and Location of the muscle's origin and/or insertion.	How is the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris named?
Shape of the muscle.	How is the Trapezius muscle named?
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region and Direction in which the muscle fiber run relative to some imaginary line.	How is the rectus femoris named?
Location of muscle relative to a bone or body region and Direction in which the muscle fiber run relative to some imaginary line.	How is the external oblique named?
Zygomaticus	Muscle used in smiling.
Buccinator	Muscle used to suck in your cheeks.
Orbicularis Oculi	Muscle used in winking.
Frontalis	Muscle used to form the horizontal frown crease on the forehead.
Orbicularis oris	The "kissing" muscle.
Masseter	Prime mover of jaw closure.
Temporalis	Synergist muscle for jaw closure.
Sternocleidomastoid	Prime mover of head flexion; a 2-headed muscle.
Rectus abdominis	The name means "straight muscle of the abdomen"
Pectoralis major	Prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction.
Deltoid	Prime mover for shoulder abduction.
External oblique	Part of the abdominal girdle; forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen.
Sternocleidomastoid	Acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head toward the opposite shoulder.
Internal oblique and Transversus abdominis	2 muscle pairs that help form the natural abdominal girdle.
External intercostal	Deep muscles of the thorax that promote the inspiratory phase of breathing.
Diaphragm	An umpaired muscle that acts with the muscles named immediately above to accomplish inspiration.
Trapezius	Muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head.
Latissimus dorsi	Muscle that adducts the shoulder and causes extension of the shoulder joint.
Deltoid	Shoulder muscle that is the antagonist of the muscle latissimus dorsi.
Erector Spinae	Prime mover of back extension; a deep composite muscle consisting of 3 columns.
Latissimus dorsi	Large paired superfixial muscle of the lower back.
Quadratus lumborum	Fleshy muscle forming part of the posterior abdominal wall that helps maintain upright posture.
Iliopsoas	Hip flexor, deep in pelvis; a composite of 2 muscles.
Gluteus maximus	Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs.
Gastrocnemius	"Toe dancer's" muscle; a 2-bellied muscle of the calf.
Tibialis anterior	Inverts and dorsiflexes the foot.
Adductors	Muscle group that allows you to draw your legs to the midline of your body, as when standing at attention.
Quadricepts	Muscle group that extends the knee.
Hamstrings	Muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee.
Gluteus medius	Smaller hip muscle commonly used as in injection site.
Fibularis muscles	Muscle group of the lateral leg; plantar flex and evert the foot.
Sartorius	Straplike muscle that is a weak thigh flexor; the "tailor's muscle".
Soleus	Like the 2-bellief muscle that lies over it, this muscle is a plantar flexor.
Flexor carpi ulnaris	Wrist flexor that follows the ulna.
Extensor digitorum	Muscle that extends the fingers.
Flexor digitorum superficialis	Muscle that flexes the fingers.
Biceps brachii	Muscle that allows you to bend (flex) the elbow.
Triceps brachii	Muscle that extends the elbow.
Deltoid	Powerful shoulder abductor, used to raise the arm overhead.
Deltoid, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius.	3 muscles, are commonly used to intramuscular injections in adults.
Quadraceps	The insertion tendon of the _________ group contains a large sesamoid bone, the patella.
calcaneal (achilles)	The triceps surae insert in common into the _________ tendon.
Proximal	The bulk of the tissue of a muscle tends to lie _______ to the part of the body it causes to move.
forearm	The extrinsic muscle of the hand originate on the _________.
Anterior	Most flexor muscles are location on the _________ aspect of the body.
Posterior	Most flexor muscles are location on the anterior aspect of the body; most extensors are located _________.
Knee	Most flexor muscles are location on the anterior aspect of the body; most extensors are located posterior. An exception to this generalization is the extensor-flexor musculature of the _______.
Flex	The pectoralis major and deltoid muscles act synergistically to ________ the arm.
Smooth muscle	Select the type(s) of muscle tissue that fit the following description: Self-excitable, pacemaker cells, gap junctions, limited sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Propulsion of a substance through a body tube.	Skeletal muscle is not involved in:
Globular actin and Regulatory proteins	Which of the following are part of a thin myofilament?
Hydrolysis of ATP	Detachment of the cross bridges is directly triggered by:
Synaptic vesicles, sarcolemma, aCh, and axon terminal	Transmission of the stimulus at the neuromuscular junction involves:
Resistance	Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be increased by which type of exercise?
Sprinting	Activity that depends most on anaerobic metabolism?
Creatine phosphate	The first energy source used to regenerate ATP when muscles are extremely active is:
Zygomaticus, masseter, buccinator, and temporalis.	Head muscles tha tinsert on a bone include the:
Erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and external oblique.	Lateral flexion of the torso involves:
Quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, and latissimus dorsi.	Muscles attached to the vertebral column include:
Trapezius and rhomboids.	Muscles that help stabilize the scapula and shoulder joint include:
Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris, and semitendinosus.	Which of these thigh muscles causes movement at the hip joint?
Gastrocnemius	leg muscles that can cause movement at the knee joint include:
Latissimus dorsi and brachialis	The main muscles used when doing chinups are:
Triceps brachii and pectoralis major.	The major muscles used in doing push-ups are:
It allows the muscles to produce opposing movements.	Arm and leg muscles are arranged in antagonistic pairs. How does this affect their functioning?
It is controlled by more neurons than muscle B.	Muscle A and Muscle B are the same size, but Muscle A is capable of much finer control than muscle B. WHich of the following is likely to be true of muscle A?

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Muscular System Work Packet

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