Chapter 2
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carsonlyness on November 21, 2010
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Dalton's Atomic Theory | 1) each element composed of extremely small particles called atoms 2) all atoms of a given element are identical in mas and in other properties, but atoms o one element are different from the atoms of all other ements 3) atoms of one element can't be changed into atoms of a different element. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions 4) compounds are formed when atoms of more that one element; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atom |
| Law of constant composition | in a given compound, relative number and kind of atom are constant |
| electrons | - JJ Thomson and the cathode ray tube experiment found the charge of the electron and called them corpuscles - Millikan found the mass of the electron with the oil drop experiment |
| radioactivity | - Henri Dequerel discovered it with Uranium - Rutherford finds 3 different types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) |
| Plum Pudding Model | - JJ Thomson - negatively charger "raisins" in positively charged "pudding" |
| gold foil experiment | - Rutherford - small, dense positively charged nucleus - leads to discovery of protons y Rutherford and neutrons by Chadwick |
| no net charge on atoms | ... |
| atomic length | in angstrom |
| forces that hold atoms together | - gravitational (mass-->mass attraction--> not important) - electromagnetic (electrically charged particles) - strong nuclear force (protons are close so this is greater than electromagnetic force) - weak nuclear force (wearker than electomagnetic by stronger than gravitational) |
| Mass # | protons + neutrons |
| atomic # | number of protons (or electrons in a newutral atom) |
| isotopes | different number of neutrons |
| atomic weight | in amu |
| periods | rows in the PT |
| groups | columns in the PT similar chemical properties |
| molecular formula | actual type and number of atoms in a compound |
| empirical formula | simplest whole number ratio of atims |
| structural formula | much atoms are attached to which isn a melecule |
| redox rxn | when atoms lose or gain e- |
| naming inorganic compounds | - compounds w/o C, N, H, O, S - positive ion written and named first, the negative ion second |
| naming simple anions | ide ending ex: Cl- --> chloride |
| naming oxyanions (polyatomic anion containing oxygen) | ClO3-: chlorATE plus an oxygen: ClO4-: PERchlorATE minus an oxygen: ClO2-: chlorITE minus another oxygen: ClO-: HYPOclorITE |
| naming acids | ide ending (chloride) --> HYDROchlorIC acid ate ending (chlorate) --> chlorIC acid ite ending (chlorite) --> chlorOUS acid |
| naming binary molecular compounds | - PREFIXES 1= mono 2= di 3= tri 4= tetra 5= penta 6= hexa 7= hepta 8= octa 9= nona 10= deca |
| Alkanes | - use prefixes depending on how many carbons it has 1= methyl 2= ethyl 3= propyl 4= butyl 5= penta 6= hexa 7= hepta 8= octa 9= nona 10=deca - if is has single bonds, it's an alkane ex: propane has single bonds, and has 3 carbons |
| Alkene | double bonds |
| alkyne | triple bonds |
| naming alcohols | - an alkane with the OH group - root + ol ending ex: propanol has single bonds, 3 carbons, and and OH |
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