chapter 4 terms (simple machines)
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pressure | the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which force is exerted |
| pascal | a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter |
| density | the mass of a substance contained in a unit of volume |
| work | force exerted on an object that causes it to move |
| joule | a unit of work equal to one newton-meter |
| machine | a device that changes the amount of force exerted or the direction in which force is exerted. |
| input force | the force exerted on a machine |
| output force | the force exerted on an object by a machine |
| mechanical advantage | the number of times the force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine |
| efficiency | the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work |
| ideal mechanical advantage | the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction |
| actual mechanical advantage | the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in an actual situation |
| inclined plane | a flat surface with one end higher than the other |
| wedge | an inclined plane that moves |
| screw | an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral |
| lever | a rigid object that pivots around a fixed point |
| fulcrum | the fixed point around which a lever pivots |
| wheel and axle | two circular or cylindrical objects that are fastened together and rotate around a common axis |
| pulley | a grooved wheel around which is wrapped a rope, chain, or cable |
| compound machine | a device that combines two or more simple machines |
| gears | two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth |
| tendon | a band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
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