| Term | Definition |
|---|
| contributions made by the greeks | olympics, science & math, drama & poetry, medicine, mythology, paintings & sculptures, philosophy, classical literature, & law govt. & democracy |
| greeks created gods _______________ | in their own image |
| values held dear by the greeks | beauty, marriage & infidelity, love & hate, peace & war, trust & betrayal, & innocence & lust |
| what is mythology | an attempt to provide answers to ?'s a/b the world |
| which primitive civilizations have their own mythologies | greeks, romans, aztecs, egyptians, indians, chinese, native americans, & vikings |
| what do many great mythologies share the 2 stories of | 1) creation of man from dust & 2) flood that destroyed the earth |
| there are more than ___ flood stories & historic records in the world | 270 |
| chinese folklore | fuhi(father of chinese civilization) escaped great flood w/ wife, 3 sons, & 3 daughters. painting-fuhi's boat in water w/ dove carrying olive branch swimming toward it |
| lenni lenape indians in north america | time when powerful snake made all men evil. sent water to destroy everthing. man named monabozho (gfather of all men) saved by riding on the back of a great turtle |
| in the beginning there was ____ | chaos-modern meaning confusion. comes from greek word that means abyss |
| who created the mtns & the seas | gaea(mother earth) |
| who did gaea marry | uranus(sky) |
| gaea & uranus' children | 12 titans, 3 cyclopes, & 3 monsters |
| what did uranus do w/ his children | he decided to imprison them in the depths of the earth |
| why did gaea want to kill uranus | b/c she disapproved of him imprisoning their children |
| who was the one child that would help gaea kill uranus | cronus |
| how did cronus kill uranus | he crept into his room at night, killed him, & mutilated his body |
| how was aphrodite brought into the world | she arose from the foam in the sea where cronus had thrown uranus' body parts into the sea |
| aphrodite is the goddess of _____________________ | love, beauty, & romance |
| cronus now became leader of the ______, even though he was the _______ | titans; youngest |
| oceanus married _________ | tethys. and they gave birth to the earth's rivers |
| who were hyperion & theia's children | helios-(the sun), selene-(the moon), and eos-(the dawn) |
| iapetus mated w/ the nymph _______ & they produced _____________________________ | clymens; atlas, prometheus, epimetheus, and menocticus |
| cronus married ________, & they gave gave birth to the first 6 gods _____________________________ | rhea; zeus, hades, poseidon, (female...)hera, demeter, & hestia |
| b/c cronus was fearful that one of his children would murder him, what did he do to each child as it was born | swallowed them |
| rhea sneaked away ____ in a ______ w/ his gmother, _____ | zeus; cave; gaea |
| who did zeus marry | metis, a titan daughter(goddess of prudence) |
| what did metis advise zeus to do | to create allies to overthrow cronus. she gave cronus herb that she promised to make cronus "unconquerable" but it caused him to vomit up children & rock |
| zeus ________ & _______ | banished cronus to the ends of the earth; set himself up as master of the universe |
| the titans rebelled against the gods all except | oreanus, epimetheus, & prometheus |
| prometheus' name means | "foresight" (he knew how the battle would end & he sided w/ winners) |
| how long did the battle last | 10 yrs |
| zeus released ___________ | the cyclopes & other monstrous children of uranus |
| how did the cyclopes reward him for releasing them | they gave zeus a thunderbolt used to create fire from heaven |
| after the titans were defeated what happd to them | zeus severly punished them by bounding most of them w/ chains & threw them into the depths of the earth |
| all except ______________. | atlas, whose job was to hold up the sky while standing at the edge of the earth |
| zeus= | master of the skies & earth |
| who taught men how to walk | epimetheus |
| poseidon= | god of the seas & oceans |
| hades= | lord of the underworld |
| what is the underworld | where the shades of the dead go for reward or punishment after death |
| hera......(sister of zeus) | became zeus' wife & patron goddess of family & marriage |
| demeter........(sister of zeus) | oversaw task of helping to grow crops |
| hestia.....(sister of zeus) | virgin goddess. worshipped by women who dedicated themselves to chastity |
| sons of hera & zeus | ares(god of war) & hephaestus (god of forge, but became blacksmith of the gods) |
| b4 zeus married hera, who did he marry | metis- produced athene(unusual birth) |
| she became the goddess of ... | wisdom |
| with leto (daughter of titan, coeus), zeus produced twins _________ & ______ | apollo & artemis |
| apollo was the god of the.... | sun |
| artemis was the goddess of the.... | moon |
| with maia(daughter of atlas), they produced.... | hermes "herald of the gods" |
| with dione, zeus produced | aphrodite |
| gaea created ______ & ________, b/c she __________ | typhon & echidna(created to defeat zeus), b/c she was angry that zeus had confined the titans in tarturus |
| everybody fled from typhon & echidna by | disquising themselves as animals |
| zeus pinned typhon under | mt. etna ... making him a volcano |
| what did echidna do | she fled to a cave |
| who were echidnas children that zeus allowed to live | nemean lion, cerberus, ladon, chimera, sphinx, & hydra |
| who finally made peace w/ who | gaea made peace w/ zeus |
| where did the cyclopes build a palace for the gods | mt. olympus |
| who was the messenger of the gods | iris (rainbow) between earth & olympus |
| why did the gods reign for many years & why were they unable to die | b/c ichor flowed through their veins |
| gods never died.....why....... | b/c they live on in myths & in the constellations |
| pan? | the great earth god, the god of woods & fields. half man & half goat |
| pan often played his | "pipes" - set of tubes made of reeds bound together |
| was pan often seen? | noo but wheneva he played his music, ppl who were in the woods would panic!!! bahahahahaha. |
| nymphssssssss | beautiful young women who guarded different parts of nature |
| dryads | nymphs that lived in tha woods & dwelled inside trees |
| nereids | daughters of poseidon that lived in the sea |
| who does poseidon look like | tritan!!!!! from the little mermaid!!!!!!!!!! |
| the 9 muses....?!?!?!?! | -daughters of zeus & mnemosyne. - lived on heights of mounts parnassus, pindos, and helieon. - springs & streams were sacred to them. - palm & laurel. - goddesses of various arts.... mostly literature |
| terpsichore | choral dance & song |
| euterpe | lyric poetry |
| erato | love poetry |
| polyhymnia | sacred poetry |
| thalin | comic drama |
| calliope | epic poetry |
| melpomene | tragic drama |
| urania | astronomy |
| clio | history |
| poets in need of inspiration have called upon _________ for centuries | the 9 muses |
| who were the 3 goddesses that controlled the destiny of every mortal | the fates |
| 3 fates | clotho- spun threads of person's youth. lachesis- wound them on spindle. atropos- eldest symbol of death who cut threads w/ shears |
| the gods who lived on mt. olympus had control over | earth & nature, but they had no decision of length of handiwork |
| gods could not interfere with whattttt | the wrk. of these 3 sistas |
| who was the greatest of the titans | prometheus! |
| what does epimetheus' name mean....? | "hindsight" |
| from now on pro. = prometheus | : ] |
| what did pro. make men out of to please zeus | clay |
| what power did epimetheus give to humans | powers to make them greater than the animals |
| pro. knew that humans needed ability to... | think! he taught them all the things that athene had taught him |
| pro. still believed that humans needed | fire |
| did pro. defy zeus | yes |
| where did pro. make fire | from the hearth on mt. olympus. caught spark in hollow fennel stalk & built bonfire for men |
| were humans amazed by fire | Yeah!! and thay drew close! |
| pro. would have to teach men to use fire how? | wisely.... |
| what did pro. teach humans in addition | - how to build houses. - basics a/b medicine. - how to write. - how to figure arithmetic |
| why was zeus fearful | b/c pro. had strengthened the human race & he was scared humans would rebel against the gods |
| who did zeus send | twin giants. kratos ( power ) & bia ( force ) to see hephaestus to have him bound pro. |
| did pro. see punishment coming | yep. |
| pro. went on a long journey & left epimetheus wit a wat! | BOX |
| where was pro. place of punishment | caucasus mtns. |
| why were the caucasus mtns. terrible | wind, lighting, & snow! |
| did hephaestus like punishing pro.? | no no no...pro. was good and kind! |
| what happnd to pro, the young titan | he was chained to a rocky cliff AND zeus sent a vulture by day to devour pro liver and intestines. at night they grew back but the next day it happd all over again...........w0ww........... |
| how long was this punishment to meant to last | eternity |
| who was eventually to free pro | hercules |
| who did zeus order to make pandora | hephaestus |
| who did hephaestus use as a model to make pandora | aphrodite |
| who dressed pandora | the other gods |
| what did the 4 seasons do to pandora | combed her hair & breathed life into her |
| zeus was preparing a | jar |
| what all went inside the jar | misery! sickness! death! hardwork! anger! jealousy! madness! hunger! old age! and hope was tucked away at the bottom |
| who did zeus call for to bring the woman hephaestus had made | hermes |
| pandora was beautiful but she couldn't.......? | speak. |
| who gave pandora a voice | hermes |
| who named pandora | hermes |
| what gift did zeus give pandora | curiousity |
| what were zeus' next orders for hephaestus | to take pandora to epimetheus & tell him that she was a peace offering & she was to be epimetheus wife. jar as dowry |
| who had warned who not to take gifts from the gods | pro.; epi |
| was epimetheus known for his intelligence | no... |
| did epimetheus marry pandora | yeah |
| what did epimetheus do with the jar | hid it from her in a cup board |
| did they live in marital bliss | yeah |
| what happened when pandora opened the jar | scream & smell & then a wind rushed out & evil came into the world |
| what item in the jar was buried at the bottom | hope |
| what's another myth for when after pan opens the box | zeus wiped out mankind w/ flood saving only deucalion & pyrrha to repopulate the earth |
| what character in the bible does pandora resemble | eve |
| what biblical figures do deucalion & pyrrha resemble | noah & wife |
| 2 parts that make up hades | erebus & tartarus |
| erebus | place of arrival |
| tartarus | deeper region of no escape |
| who was queen of the underworld | persephone |
| who was king of the underworld | hades |
| who also lived there | sleep & death |
| what monstrous figures lived near the entrance of hades | the harpies, the gorgons, and the centaurs |
| who were the gorgons | 3 sisters- euryale, stethro, & medusa |
| who were the centaurs | half man and half horse |
| what 5 rivers separated hades from the world above | acheron, cocytus, phlegethon, styxm and lethe |
| shades | (buried souls) |
| when you first arrived at the underworld you......... | crossed the river styx to hades |
| who could not cross | unburied souls |
| how did the greeks bury their dead | w/ coins in mouths to pay charon (ferryman on river) for passage to styx |
| when across the river where did they go | to lethe to drink |
| who was the guardian of hades | cerberus- a 3 headed dog w/ tail of dragon |
| who were the shades judged by | a tribunal led by hades |
| those who committed crimes went to | tartarus |
| the others went to | the elysian fields |
| who was in tartarus | titans, tantalus, sisyphus, exion, danards, and tityus |
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~Caroline Hance
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