IDs Chapter 19
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Stephan A. Douglas | -an illinois politican who debated lincoln in a series of debates -he supported annexation of texas and popular soverignty -he is responsible for the kanas nebraska acts |
| Franklin Pierce | an American politician and the fourteenth President of the United States. Pierce's popularity in the North declined sharply after he came out in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, repealing the Missouri Compromise and reopening the question of the expansion of slavery in the West. |
| Ostend Manifesto | a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S. |
| John C. Calhoun | (1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class. |
| Winfield Scott | United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866) |
| Martin Van Buren | Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836 |
| Daniel Webster | Senator who, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency |
| Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) |
| William H. Seward | a Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. |
| Henry Clay | Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however. |
| Underground Railroad | a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. |
| Lewis Cass | He was nominated as President after Polk and he evolved a doctrine of popular sovereignty. He argued that slavery should be kept out of Congress and left to the people. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Legislation that organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska according to the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Introduced by Sen. Stephen A. Douglas to stop the sectional division over slavery, the act was criticized by antislavery groups as a capitulation to proslavery advocates. |
| Compromise of 1850 | Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession |
| Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | Compromise agreement designed to harmonize contending British and U.S. interests in Central America |
| Free Soil Party | a former political party in the United States formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; merged with the Liberty Party in 1848 |
| Gadsden Purchase | the purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States It provided the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad. |
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