AP Psych Ch.8 Vocab.
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Created by:
MelissaPuntkattalee on November 23, 2010
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hawthorne effect | the finding that workers who were put in a special experimental room became more productive regardless of what changes were made |
| motivation | an inner state that energizes people toward fulfillment of a goal |
| instinct | a fixed pattern of behavior that is unlearned, universal in species, and "released" by specific stimuli |
| drive theory | the notion that physiological needs arouse tension that motivates people to satisfy the need |
| arousal theory | the notion that people are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimum level of bodily arousal |
| incentive theory | the notion that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce a valued inducement |
| hierarchy of needs | Maslow's list of basic needs that have to be satisfied before people can become self-actualized |
| obesity | the state of having a surplus of body fat that causes a person to exceed his or her optimum weight by 20% |
| set point | a level of weight toward which a person's body gravitates |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder in which the person, usually an adolescent girl or young woman, limits her eating and becomes emaciated |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder found usually among young women that is marked cycles of binge eating followed by purging |
| sexual-response cycle | the four physiological stages of sexual responding: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| sexual orientation | a sexual preference for members of the same sex (homosexuality, opposite sex (heterosexuality), or both sexes (bisexuality) |
| need for affiliation | the desire to establish and maintain social contracts |
| need for intimacy | the desire for close relationships characterized by open and intimate communication |
| self-disclosure | the sharing of intimate details about oneself with another person |
| achievement motivation | a strong desire to accomplish difficult tasks, outperform others, and excel |
| need for power | a strong desire to acquire prestige and influence over other people |
| intrinsic motivation | an inner drive that motivates people in the absence of external reward or punishment |
| extrinsic motivation | the desire to engage in an activity for money, recognition, or other tangible benefits |
| equity theory | the notion that people want the ratio between input and outcome to be roughly the same for themselves as for others |
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