| Term | Definition |
|---|
| active transport | energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell |
| exocytosis | active transport process by which materials are secreted or expelled from a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | passive transport of materials across a plasma membrane by transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane |
| hypertonic solution | in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to shrink as water leaves the cell |
| hypotonic solution | in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell |
| isotonic solution | in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside a cell |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane |
| passive transport | movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis; the cell uses no energy to move particles across the membrane |
| anaphase | third phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and the chromatid pairs of each chromosome are pulled apart by microtubules |
| cell cycle | continuous sequence of growth (interphase) and division (mitosis) in a cell |
| centriole | in animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase |
| centromere | cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes |
| chromosome | cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells |
| cytokinesis | cell process following meiosis or mitosis in which the cell's cytoplasm divides and separates into new cells |
| interphase | cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism, and duplicates chromosomes prior to division |
| metaphase | short second phase of mitosis where doubled chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle and chromatids are attached by centromeres to a separate spindle fiber |
| mitosis | period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes |
| organ | group of two or more tissues organized to perform compex activities within an organism |
| organ system | multiple organs that work together to perform a specific life function |
| prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis where chromatin coils into visible chromosomes |
| sister chromatid | identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosome formed during the prophase stage of mitosis; the halves are held together by a centromere |
| spindle | cell structures composed of microtubule fibers; forms between the centrioles during prophase and shorten during anaphase, pulling apart sister chromatids |
| telophase | final phase of mitosis during which new cells prepare for their own independent existence |
| tissue | groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell division that may be caused by environmental factors and/or changes in enzyme production in the cell cycle |
| gene | segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell cycle |
Combine with other sets
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