Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

Simple leaf a leaf that is made up of one entire blade Compound leaf a leaf with many leaflets as its blade Cuticle the part of the leaf that protects the epidermis and creates a waterproof barrier Upper epidermis the part of the leaf above the palisades layer that prevents the loss of water Palisades layer (mesophyll) the part of the leaf that absorbs light with chloroplasts for photosynthesis; it is tighter and more dense than the spongy layer Spongy layer (mesophyll) the part of the leaf where most photosynthesis occurs; it is "spongy" and less dense due to the gasses that pass in and out of the leaf as a result of photosynthesis and respiration Xylem the vascular tissue in the spongy layer that transports water throughout the plant Phloem the vascular tissue in the spongy layer that transports food throughout the plant Lower epidermis the part of the leaf below the spongy layer that has the stomata and guard cells Stoma the opening in the lower epidermis through which gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor) pass through; controled by the two guard cells surrounding it Guard cells the cells surrounding each stoma that open and close the stomata Root the part of the plant below ground that takes in water and nutrients and pass them along to the stem; also anchors plant in the ground; food is often stored in them as well Epidermis (root) the outermost part of the root that protects the root Cortex the part of the root for storing food; they are irregularly shaped cells in between the epidermis and the endodermis Endodermis the part of the root that protects the xylem and phloem Primary root the root that is the first to develop from a germinating seed Secondary root the roots that branch off of the primary root Root hairs the "very fine hair-like structures" jutting out from the epidermis (root); each is one cell with a cell wall made of cellulose Fibrous root system a root system consisting of many small roots; secondary roots can be as big as the primary root Ex. Grass Taproot system a root system in which the primary root is the largest in the root system; when the primary root grows quickly Ex. Carrot Tropism a growth response to stimuli Geotropism growth towards gravity Phototropism growth towards light Thigmotropism response to touch Hydrotropism response to water Positive tropism growth towards a stimulus Negative tropism growth away from a stimulus Stem transports materials between the roots and the leaves; provides support for other plant parts Woody stems stems that are made of wood and are more firm; plants with these stems tend to live longer than two years Herbaceous stems stems that are generally softer, juicier and thinner than woody stems; plants with these stems usually have short life span (one or two years)