| Term | Definition |
|---|
| polymer | strings of repeated units |
| monomer | units in polymer |
| protein | has monomers made of amino acids |
| amino group | NH2 |
| carboxyl group | COOH |
| peptide bond | bond formed by OH and O, used to connect 2 amino acids |
| hydrolysis | breaking of a peptide bond to separate 2 amino acids |
| dehydration synthesis | remove 1 water molecule to form peptide bond |
| carbohydrate | polymer of saccharides |
| saccharide | monomer of carbohydrate |
| monosaccharide | formula = CnH2nOn, glucose, fructose |
| disaccharide | 2 saccharides, linked using dehydration synthesis |
| glucose/fructose | C6H12O6 |
| maltose | 2 molecules of glucose, C12H22O11 |
| sucrose | glucose + fructose, C12H22O11 |
| polysaccharide | many saccharides, good storage of glucose |
| glycogen | polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals |
| starch | polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants |
| cellulose | rigid polysaccharide, plant cell walls |
| lipid | polymer of hydrocarbons |
| hydrocarbon | monomer of lipids |
| hydrophobic | does not interact well with water, nonpolar |
| nonpolar | does not interact well with water, hydrophobic |
| triglyceride | 3 fatty acids (chains of hydrocarbons) bonded to a glycerol, most fats are eaten and absorbed in this form, carbohydrate |
| phospholipid | 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate ion is hydrophilic, forms cell walls, carbohydrate |
| hydrophilic | polar, interacts well with water |
| cholesterol | hydrocarbons form rings, no long tails, found in only animal cells, used for hormones, carbohydrate |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acid, phosphate + sugar + a base |
| adenine | goes with thymine |
| guanine | goes with cytosine |
| cytosine | goes with guanine |
| thymine | goes with adenine |
| backbone of nucleotide | sugar/phosphate |
| Watson and Crick | discovered double helix model |
| hydrogen bonds | used to bond bases |
| RNA | single-stranded, uracil, ribose |
| DNA | double-stranded, thymine, deoxyribose |
| eukaryote | organism with a nucleus |
| prokaryote | organism without a nucleus |
| cellulose | cell walls of plants |
| chitin | polysaccharide that forms fungi cell wall |
| simple diffusion | movement from a high concentration area to a low concentration area, only works with oily substances, needs to cross oily cell membrane (nonpolar substances), no energy is required |
| facilitated diffusion | polar substances that cannot pass through the nonpolar cell wall are moved across by protein pumps or proteins that pull through the membrane, no energy is required |
Combine with other sets
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