CNA - Vacabulary

Terms	Definitions
Abduction	moving a body part away from the body.
Abuse	purposely causing physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)	personal care tasks a person does every day to care for him- or herself; include bathing, dressing, caring for teeth and hair, toileting, eating and drinking, and moving around.
Activity Therapy	therapy for people with Alzheimer's djsease that uses activities to prevent boredom and frustration.
Acute	an illness that has severe symptoms.
Acute care	care performed in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers.
Adaptive devices	special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLs; also called assistive devices.
Adduction	moving a body part toward the body.
Adult daycare	care given at a facility during daytime hours; generally for people who need some help but are not seriously ill or disabled.
Advance directives	documents that allow people to choose what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.
Affected side	a weakened side from a stroke or injury; also called the "weaker" or "involved" side.
Ageism	prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly.
Airborne Precautions	used for diseases that can be transmitted through the air after being expelled.
Ambulation	walking.
Amputation	removal of some or all of a body part.
Angina pectoris	chest pain.
Anxiety	uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition.
Apathy	a lack of interest.
Aphasia	the inability to speak or to speak clearly.
Asepsis	term meaning that no infection is present.
Aspiration	the inhalation of food or drink into the lungs; can cause pneumonia or death.
Assault	when a person feels fearful that he will be touched without his permission.
Assisted living	facilities where residents live who need some assistance; they do not usually require skilled care.
Assistive devices	special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLs; also called adaptive devices.
Atrophy	the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles.
Autoimmune illness	condition in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.
Battery	when a person is touched without his or her permission.
Bloodborne pathogens	microorganisms found in human blood; can cause infection and disease in humans.
Body mechanics	the way the parts of the body work together whenever a person moves.
Bony prominences	areas of the body where the bone lies close to the skin.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)	medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working.
Care plan	a plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals.
Care team	people with different education and experience who help care for residents.
Catastrophic reaction	overreacting to something in an unreasonable way.
Catheter	a tube used to drain urine from the bladder.
C. difficile (C. diff clostridium difficile)	a bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis; spread by spores in feces that are difficult to kill.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)	a federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve health.
Chain of command	the order of authority within a facility.
Chain of infection	a way to describe how disease is transmitted from one living being to another.
Charting	writing down information.
Chronic	refers to the fact that a disease or condition is long-term or long-lasting.
Cliches	phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything.
Closed bed	a bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place.
Cognition	the ability to think logically and quickly.
Combative	violent or hostile behavior.
Combustion	the process of burning.
Communication	the process of exchanging information with others.
Compassionate	caring, concerned, empathetic, and understanding.
Condom catheter	an external catheter that has an attachment on the end that fits onto the penis; also called a Texas catheter.
Confidentiality	keeping private things private.
Confusion	the inability to think clearly.
Conscientious	always trying to do one's best.
Considerate	being understanding of residents' feelings and privacy.
Constipation	the difficult and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.
Constrict	to close.
Contact Precautions	used when a resident is at risk of transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person.
Contractures	the permanent and often painful stiffening of a joint and muscle.
Cultural diversity	the variety of people living and working together in the world.
Culture	a system of behaviors people learn from the people they grow up and live with.
Dangle	to sit up with the feet over the side of the bed to regain balance.
Defense mechanisms	unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress.
Dehydration	a serious condition in which there is not enough fluid in the body.
Delusions	believing things that are not true.
Dementia	a serious loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating.
Dentures	artificial teeth.
Dependable	being on time and helping others when they need it.
Diabetes	a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin; causes problems with circulation and can damage vital organs.
Diagnosis	a medical condition.
Diastolic	phase when the heart relaxes.
Diet cards	cards that list the resident"s name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instructions.
Digestion	the process of breaking down food so that it can be absorbed into the cells.
Dilate	to widen.
Disinfection	measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying pathogens.
Disorientation	confusion about time or place.
Diuretics	drugs that reduce fluid in the body.
Domestic violence	abuse by spouses or intimate partners.
Dorsiflexion	bending backward.
Double-bagging	putting waste in a trash bag, closing it, and putting the first bag in a second, clean trash bag and closing it.
Draw sheets	turning sheets that are placed under residents who are unable to assist with turning, lifting, or moving up in bed.
Droplet Precautions	used when the disease-causing microorganism does not stay suspended in the air and travels only short distances after being expelled.
Dysphagia	difficulty swallowing.
Edema	swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.
Elimination	the process of expelling solid wastes that are not absorbed into the cells.
Emotional lability	laughing or crying without any reason, or when it is inappropriate.
Empathy	being able to enter into the feelings of others.
Enema	a specific amount of water flowed into the colon to eliminate stool.
Ergonomics	the practice of designing equipment and work tasks to suit the worker's abilities.
Ethics	the knowledge of right and wrong.
Expiration	exhaling air out of the lungs.
Extension	straightening a body part.
False imprisonment	the unlawful restraint of someone which affects the person's freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained.
Fecal impaction	a hard stool stuck in the rectum that cannot be expelled.
Financial abuse	stealing, taking advantage of, or improperly using the money, property, or other assets of another.
First aid	care given in an emergency before trained medical professionals can take over.
Flammable	easily ignited and capable of burning quickly.
Flexion	bending a body part.
Fluid balance	maintaining equal input and output, or taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid.
Fluid overload	a condition in which the body is unable to handle the amount of fluid consumed.
Force fluids	a medical order for a person to drink more fluids.
Fowler's	position with the person partially reclined.
Fracture	a broken bone.
Fracture pan	a bedpan used for residents who cannot assist with raising their hips onto a regular bedpan.
Gait	manner of walking.
Gastrostomy	an opening in the stomach and the abdomen.
Gestational diabetes	a condition in which pregnant women who have never had diabetes before have high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
Glands	structures that secrete fluids.
Hallucinations	seeing or hearing things that are not there.
Hand hygiene	handwashing with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)	a law that requires health information be kept private and secure; organizations must take special steps to protect health information.
Hemiparesis	weakness on one side of the body.
Hemiplegia	paralysis on one side of the body, weakness, or loss of movement.
Hepatitis	the inflammation of the liver caused by different viruses.
Hoarding	collecting and putting things away in a guarded way.
Home care	care provided in a person's home.
Homeostasis	the name for the condition in which all of the body's systems are working their best.
.Hormones	chemicals that control numerous body functions.
Hospice	care for individuals who have six months or less to live; provides physical and emotional care and comfort.
Hypertension	high blood pressure.
Incident	an accident or an unexpected event during the course of care.
Incontinence	the inability to control the bladder or bowels.
Indwelling catheter	a catheter that stays in the bladder for a period of time.
Infection control	set of methods used to control and prevent the spread of disease.
Inflammation	swelling.
Informed consent	the process in which a person, with the help of his doctor, makes informed decisions about his health care.
Inspiration	breathing air into the lungs.
Insulin	a hormone that converts glucose, or natural sugar, into energy for the body.
Intake	the fluid a person consumes.
Intravenous (IV)	into a vein.
Involuntary seclusion	confinement or separation from others in a certain area; done without consent or against one's will.
Lateral	position with person on his or her side.
Laws	rules set by the government to protect the people and to help them live peacefully together.
Liability	a legal term that means someone can be held responsible for harming someone else.
Localized infection	an infection limited to a specific part of the body; the infection has local symptoms.
Logrolling	moving a person as a unit, without disturbing the alignment of the body.
Long-term care (LTC)	care for persons who require 24-hour care and assistance.
Masturbation	to touch or rub sexual organs in order to give oneself or another person sexual pleasure.
Menopause	the stopping of menstrual periods.
Metabolism	the body's physical and chemical processes.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)	an infectious disease caused by bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics.
Microorganism	a tiny living thing always present in the environment; not visible to the eye without a microscope.
Modified diet	a special diet for people who have certain illnesses; also called special or therapeutic diet.
Nasogastric tube	a special feeding tube that is inserted into the nose going to the stomach.
Neglect	failing to provide needed care.
Negligence	the failure to provide the proper care for a resident, resulting in unintended injury.
Nonverbal communication	communication without using words.
Non-weight bearing (NWB)	the inability to support any weight on one or both legs.
Nosocomial infection	an infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility; also known as hospital-acquired infection (HAI).
Nutrition	how the body uses food to maintain health.
Objective information	information based on what is seen, heard, touched, or smelled.
OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)	law passed by the federal government that established minimum standards for nursing assistant training.
Obsessive compulsive disorder	disorder in which a person uses obsessive behavior to cope with anxiety.
Obstructed airway	a condition in which a person has something blocking the tube through which air enters the lungs.
Occupied bed	a bed made while a person is in the bed.
Ombudsman	a legal advocate for residents who visits the facility, listens to residents, and decides what course of action to take if there is a problem.
Open bed	folding the linen down to the foot of the bed.
Oral care	care of the mouth, teeth, and gums.
OSHA (The Occupational Safety and Health Administration)	a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job.
Osteoarthritis	a type of arthritis that usually affects hips and knees and joints of the fingers, thumbs, and spine.
Osteoporosis	a condition in which the bones become brittle and weak; may be due to age, lack of hormones, not enough calcium in bones, alcohol, or lack of exercise.
Ostomy	the surgical removal of a portion of the intestines.
Outpatient care	care usually provided for less than 24 hours for persons who have had treatments or surgery requiring short-term skilled care. .
Output	eliminated fluid in urine, feces, and vomitus; it also includes perspiration and moisture in the air that is exhaled.
Pacing	walking back and forth in the same area.
Palliative	care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing him or her.
Panic disorder	a disorder in which a person is terrified for no known reason.
Paraplegia	loss of function of lower body and legs.
Partial weight bearing (PWB)	the ability to support some weight on one or both legs.
Pathogens	harmful microorganisms. Pediculosis$an infestation of lice.
PEC tube	a feeding tube placed through the skin directly into the stomach.
Perineum	the area between the genitals and anus.
Perseverating	the repetition of a word, phrase, question, or activity over and over.
Personal	refers to life outside one's job, such as family, friends, and home life.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)	a barrier between a person and disease.
Phantom sensation	pain or feeling from a body part that has been amputated.
Phobia	intense form of anxiety.
Physical abuse	any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person's body; includes slapping, bruising, cutting, burning, physically restraining, pushing, shoving, or rough handling.
Pillaging	taking things that belong to someone else.
Policy	a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs.
Portable commode	a chair with a toilet seat and a removable container underneath.
Positioning	helping people into positions that will be comfortable and healthy.
Postmortem care	care of the body after death.
Post-traumatic stress disorder	anxiety-related disorder caused by a traumatic experience.
Pre-diabetes	a condition in which a person's blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes.
Pressure points	areas of the body that bear much of its weight.
Pressure sore	a serious wound resulting from skin breakdown; also known as a bed sore or decubitus ulcer.
Procedure	a particular method, or way, of doing something.
Professional	having to do with work or a job.
Professionalism	how a person behaves when he or she is on the job.
Pronation	turning downward.
Prone	position with person lying on his or her stomach.
Prosthesis	an artificial body part.
Psychological abuse	emotionally harming a person by threatening, scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, insulting, or treating him or her as a child; also includes verbal abuse.
Psychosocial needs	needs which involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality.
Puree	to chop, blend, or grind food into a thick paste of baby food consistency.
Quadriplegia	loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms.
Radial pulse	the pulse site found on the inside of the wrist.
Range of motion (ROM) exercises	exercises that put a particular joint through its full arc of motion. .
Reality Orientation	uses calendars, clocks, signs, and lists to help people with Alzheimer's disease remember who and where they are.
Rehabilitation	managed by professionals to restore a person to the highest possible level of functioning after an illness or injury.
Reminiscence Therapy	therapy for people with Alzheimer's disease that encourages talking about the past.
Reproduce	to create new human life.
Residents	the people who live in nursing homes.
Residents' Rights	numerous rights identified by the OBRA law for residents in long-term care facilities or nursing homes; purpose is to inform residents and others of their rights within these facilities and to provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers.
Respiration	the process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.
Restorative services	care used to keep a person at the level achieved by the rehabilitation team.
Restraint	a physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior.
Restraint alternatives	any intervention used in place of a restraint or that reduces the need for a restraint.
Restraint-free	an environment in which restraints are not used for any reason.
Restrict fluids	a medical order for a person to limit fluids.
Rheumatoid arthritis	a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful, and movement is restricted.
Rotation	turning a joint.
Scalds	burns caused by hot liquids.
Scope of practice	defines the things a nursing assistant is allowed to do and how to do them correctly.
Sexual abuse	forcing a person to perform or participate in sexual acts.
Sexual harassment	any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that Creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment.
Shock	a condition in which the organs and tissues in the body do not receive adequate blood supply.
Skilled care	medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist.
Sims'	position with person lying on his or her left side with one leg drawn up.
Special diet	a diet for people who have certain illnesses; also called therapeutic or modified diet.
Specimen	a sample.
Sputum	mucus coughed up from the lungs.
Sterilization	measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, not just pathogens.
Stoma	an artificial opening in body.
Straight catheter	a catheter that does not stay in the body and is removed immediately after urine is drained.
Stress	the state of being frightened, excited, confused, in danger, or irritated.
Stressor	something that causes stress.
Subacute care	care performed in either a hospital or a traditional nursing home.
Subjective information	information that cannot be or was not observed; based on what a person thinks or something that was reported by another that may or may not be true.
Substance abuse	the use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that harms oneself or others.
Supination	turning upward.
Supine	position with person lying flat on his or her back.
Suppository	a medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement.
Sympathy	sharing in the feelings and difficulties of others.
Systemic infection	an infection that occurs when pathogens enter the bloodstream and move throughout the body; causes general symptoms.
Systolic	phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle.
Tact	the ability to understand what is proper and appropriate when dealing with others.
Terminal illness	a disease or condition that will eventually cause death.
Therapeutic diet	a special diet for people who have certain illnesses; also called special or modified diet.
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)	a special type of feeding in which a person receives nutrients directly into the bloodstream.
Transfer belt	a belt made of canvas or other heavy material used to assist residents who are weak, unsteady, or uncoordinated; also called a gait belt.
Tuberculosis (TB)	a bacterial infection that affects the lungs; causes coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, and fatigue.
Tumor	a group of abnormally growing cells.
Unoccupied bed	a bed made while no person is in the bed.
Validating	giving value to or approving.
Validation Therapy	therapy for people with Alzheimer's disease that lets them believe they live in the past or in imaginary circumstances.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)	a resistance caused by a person not taking all of a powerful antibiotic called Vancomycin.
Verbal abuse	oral or written words, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person.
Verbal communication	written or spoken messages.
Wandering	walking aimlessly around the facility.
Workplace violence	abuse of staff by residents or other staff members; can be verbal, physical, or sexual.

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