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Bronchioles tiny tubes that branch of the bronchi Bronchi two short tubes that branch off the trachea and carry air to the lungs Trachea a cartilage-reinforced tube that carries air to the bronchi Larynx voice box Pleura the membrane, cavity and fluid that surronds the lungs Diaphragm muscle beneath the lungs that helps move air in and out of the lungs Intercostal Muscles rib muscles Pharynx tube-like passageway for both food and air; located between the nasal cavity and esophagus Organs a group of different tissues that work together to preform a specific function Tissue a group similar of cells that work together to carry out a specific function Cell the smallest unit of a organism that cancary out basic functions of life Organism the complete living thing Body Sytem a group of organs that work together to preform a specific function Homeostasis the ability of an organism to adjust its internal enviornment to maintain equilibrium Peristalisis regular muscle contractions that move food throught the digstive tract Digestion the mechanical breaking down of food into smaller componnets that can be absorbed into the blood stream Mechanical Digestion the tearing or grinding action, the mixing and mashing action, and breaking down of large food particles into smaller particles Chemical Digestion a seris of actions whose purpose is to break down the chemical bonds in nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood stream Sphincter a ring of muscle that aids in the one-way passage of food through the digestive tact Mucus a thick, sticky substance that lines and protects the inner walls of the digestive organs it facilities the passage of food through the digestive tract and helps protect the walls of the digestive tract form being digested Benedict's Soultion a chemical indicator that when added to a soultion and heated, changes from blue to light green to red in the presence of increasing concentrations of sugar Fat one of the three basic food types; found food types oils and soemdiary products Lugol a yellow-brown indicator that turns blue-black when touches starch Nutrients fuels your body needs to keep going and make repairs and fight disease Vitamin chemicals that have been made by living orgnism Crabohaydrate one pf the tree basic types may be found in the form os starch,sugar or fiber, they are found in cereals, breads, andvegeatbles Indactor a substance that changes in some way to indactes the presence of another substance Mineral chemicals that occur naturally in the enviornment Protein one of the three basic food types needed for building and repair of tissue in the body Amylaze enzyme that breaks down starch Enzyme a protein in that's capable that speed up a chemical reaction Epiglottis a flap of tissue that sits at the base if the tongue that keeps food from going into the windpipe during swallowing Salivary Glands glands that produce saliva and also produce amylase Bolus a ball shaped mass moving through the digestive tracts Saliva watery substance secreted by salivary glands Ucler an open sore or lesion in the skin or mucous Absortion the process by which digested nutrients pass through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream Bile fluid produced by liver helps digest fats in small intestine Doudenum the first 25 cm. of the small intestine; site where most chemical digestion occurs Semi-Permeable Membrane membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through diffusion Active Transport the process by which materials, using energy supplied by the cell, are move across a membrane Diffusion molecules move to less concentrated places Pancreatic Juice is packed with the enzymes that digest proteins, fats, carbohydrates Feces solid wastes in the large intestine that are expelled from the body during the body during bowel movement Villi microscopic, fingerlike projections that line the inner wal of the small intestine and increase the surface area avaliable for absoprtion of nutrients Surface Area the part of an object that makes direct contact with its enviornment Aveoli they are sacks of air that exchange gas Total Lung Capacity the total amount of air your lungs can hold Vital Capacity the total amount a person can exhale Residual Volume the air that you cant get out Bromothymol Blue a chemical indactor that changes from blue to light green to yellow in the presence of increasing concentrations of carbon dixoide in solution Cellular Respiration the process by which glucose combies with oxygen to pride energy, carbon dioxide Energy the ability to preform work; may be stored in cekks as fat or glycogen as well as in ATP Oxidation the process by which substances combine with oxygen Capillary a microscopic blood vessel that oxygen, nutrients and wastes such as carbon dioxide are exchanged through they are one-cell thick and connect arteries veins Combustion a rapid form of oxidation that releases heat and, in many cases, light Mitochondria the "powerhouses" of the cell; breaks down nutrients (glucose) in the cell energyfor the cell Calorie measures heat energy; amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 grom of water 1 degree Celsius Aorta the largest artery Closed Circulatory System a transport system in which fluid is confined within vessels Artery Carries oxygen rich blood away from the heart Atria Two upper chambers of the heart Blood Pressure The force exerted by blood against vessel walls Hemoglobin iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body plasma The liquid part of the blood, makes up about 55% of the blood platelet Cell fragments in the blood that aid in clotting. pulmonary circulation The vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart red blood cell A cell in the blood that takes up oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to cells elsewhere in the body systemic circulation The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart vena cava One of two large vessels (superior and inferior) that return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. ventricle One of the two thick walled lower chambers of the heart, the pumping part of the heart vein a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart white blood cell blood cell that functions in defending the body against infections and cancer cells; also called a leukocyte