AP Psych--Chapter 6
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amanda_pescovitz on November 24, 2010
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect |
| cocktail party effect | ability to attend to only one voice among many |
| inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
| visual capture | the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses |
| gestalt | an organized whole - psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes |
| figure-ground | the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) and their surroundings (the ground) |
| stroop task | A task invented in which a subject sees a list of words (color terms) printed in an ink color that differs from the word named. The subject is asked to name the ink colors of the words in the list and demonstrates great difficult in doing so, relative to a condition in which non-color words form the stimuli |
| proximity | we group nearby figures together |
| similarity | we group together figures that are similar to each other |
| connectedness | because they are uniform and linked, we perceive units |
| continuity | we perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinous ones |
| closure | we fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object |
| depth perception | the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance |
| visual cliff | a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals |
| binocular cues | depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes |
| retinal disparity | a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object |
| convergence | a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object |
| monocular cues | depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone |
| relative size | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; if we assume that two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away |
| interposition | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer |
| relative clarity | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; hazy objects seem further away |
| texture gradient | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance |
| relative height | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away |
| relative motion | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; as we move, stationary objects that are closer seem to move faster than stationary objects that are further away |
| linear perspective | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; parallel lines appear to converge with distance |
| light and shadow | a monocular cue for perceiving depth; a dimmer object seems farther away |
| apparent motion | the perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations |
| stroboscopic movement | a type of apparent movement based on the rapid succession of still images, as in motion pictures |
| phi phenomenon | an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession |
| perceptual constancy | perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change |
| perceptual adaptation | in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field |
| perceptual set | a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another |
| human factors psychology | a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use |
| ESP | the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input |
| parapsychology | the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis |
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