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Escherichia Coli Versatile microorganism causing intestinal and extraintestinal diseases by virulence factors that effect a wide range of cellular processes. Not all strains cause disease EPEC - infant diarrhea - non-bloody stools -morphological lesion with destruction of microvili -disturbs brush border without entering cells -temporarily blocks absorption ETEC - 2 types of plasma-encoded toxins - toxins increase secretion of water and inhibit ionic reuptake -self limiting -watery diarrhea -like cholera but milder -travellers's diarrhea -doesn't enter cell EIEC -enters cell and start replicating -goes from cell to cell by drilling holes -produces dysentery similar to shigellosis - sever diarrhea w/ passage of blood & mucous EHEC - organisms can get into bloodstream and cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome and kidney failure -produces verotoxin similar to shiga toxin - can blow up RBCs -bloody and copious diarrhea -contaminated meat -can produce hemorrhagic colitis shigella -cause bacillary dysentery (bloody stool & intestinal pain) -also pus (leukocytes) and mucous in stool "frothy" stool -damages the intestinal epithelium without penetrating -oral/fecal transfer shiga toxin -chormosomally encoded -neurotoxic, enterotoxic & cytotoxic salmonella -doesn't have human reservoir -usually presents as gastroenteritis -usually self-limiting 2-5 days -invades epithelium but doesn't produce systemic infection -from contaminated food, esp poultry & eggs -nausea, vomitting, non-bloody stools listeria -dangerous is immunocompromised or pregnant -esp bad in 3rd trimester, can develop into chorioamnioitis and infect the fetus -fetal infection can lead to septic abortion -can develop septicaemia & meningitis -from contaminated food, esp meat and unpasturized dairy -possible granulomatosis and physical retardation in surviving fetus Hepatitis B carriers -transmitted via blood or mucosal contact -carriers have disease chronically -secrete the virus whether or not they are symptomatic -when tested, have antigens to the E antigen -can't become a carrier from the vaccine Hepatitis A -enterovirus excreted in feces -oral/fecal transfer -can be a carrier Hepatitis C -acquired through blood -also sexually transmitted -no vaccine