Organelles Structure and Functions
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43 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| Cytoplasm |  a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Plasma Membrane | The thin layer surrounding a cell's contents. Acts as a gatekeeper. Consists of a phospolipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded; communicates with other cells. |
| Nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| Chromosomes | thread like structures that have genetic info that is passed down from one generation to the next |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | no ribosomes are found on surface; contains collection of enzymes that perform special tasks that include the synthesis of membrane lipids and detoxification; the liver contains a lot of smooth er |
| Golgi Apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Lysosomes | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| Peroxisomes | Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals |
| Glyoxysomes | specialized peroxisomes found in fat-storing tissues of plant seeds that have enzymes which convert fatty acids to sugars; used for energy until photosynthesis occurs to produce its own sugar |
| Endosomes | series of compartments that molecules pass through before reaching lysosomes, they sort the ingested molecules and recycle some back to plasma membrane. Contain enzymes used in oxidative reactions that break down lipids and destroy toxic molecules. |
| Food Vacuoles | formed by phacogytosis; pinches off of the plasma membrane and encloses a food particle |
| Contractile Vacuoles | saclike organelles that expand to collect excess water and contract to squeeze the water out of the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence |
| Microtubules | Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin |
| Microfilaments | fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton |
| Flagella | whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement |
| Centrioles | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division. |
| Cell Wall | a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell |
| Primary Cell Wall | A relatively thin and flexable cell wall furthest outside that is first secreted by a plant cell |
| Secondary Cell Wall | in plants, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support. |
| Central Vacuole | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. |
| Storage Vacuoles | stores starch, pigments, and toxic substances in plants |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| Chromoplast | plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids |
| Amyloplast | Unpigmented plasids that store starch grains, abundent in cells of stems, tubers, and seeds |
| Proplastid | A common precursor of the different plastids, including the chloroplast, chromoplast, and amyloplast. |
| Ribosomes | non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| Cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| Plasma Membrane | Factory= Security guard |
| Cytoplasm | Factory= Work area |
| Nucleus | Factory= Boss's Office |
| Ribosomes | Factory= Assembly Line |
| Mitochondria | Factory= Power house |
| Golgi Apparatus | Factory= Shipping, storing, packing |
| Lysosomes | Factory= Clean up crew |
| Centrioles | Factory= Pulley on a machine |
| Tissue | a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function |
| Organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| Organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
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