Abnormal Psych Ch 12
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Agnosia | The inability to recognize familiar objects or experiences, despite the ability to perceive their basic elements. |
| Wernicke's aphasia | A form of aphasia in which the individual is able to produce language but has lost the ability to comprehend, so that these verbal productions have no meaning. |
| Vascular dementia | A form of dementia resulting from a vascular disease that causes deprivation of the blood supply to the brain. |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Damage to the brain caused by exposure to trauma. |
| Tau | A protein that normally helps maintain the internal support structure of the axons. |
| Substance- induced persisting dementia | A form of dementia caused by the ingestion of substances, such as drugs, or exposure to toxins. |
| Substance-induced persisting amnestic disorder | An amnestic disorder caused by drugs or environmental toxins. |
| Pseudodementia | Literally, false dementia, or a set of symptoms caused by depression that mimic those apparent in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. |
| Post-concussion syndrome | A disorder in which a constellation of physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms persists from weeks to years. |
| Pick's disease | A relatively rare degenerative disease that affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex and that can cause dementia. |
| Parkinson's disease | A disease that can cause dementia and that involves the degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements. |
| Akinesia | A motor disturbance in which a person's muscles become rigid and movement is difficult to initiate. |
| Neurofibrillary tangles | A characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in which the material within the cell bodies of neurons becomes filled with densely packed, twisted protein microfibrils, or tiny strands. |
| Lewy body dementia | A form of dementia similar to Alzheimer's disease, with progressive loss of memory, language, calculation, and reasoning, as well as other higher mental functions. |
| Huntington's disease | A hereditary condition causing dementia that involves a widespread deterioration of the subcortical brain structures and parts of the frontal cortex that control motor movements. |
| Frontotemporal dementia | Dementia that involves the frontotemporal area of the brain. |
| Executive functioning | Cognitive abilities such as abstract thinking, planning, organizing, and carrying out of behaviors. |
| Caregiver burden | The adverse effects on caregivers from the constant demands placed on them by their role. |
| Caregivers | The people (usually family members) primarily responsible for caring for a person with a chronic disease, such as Alzheimer's disease. |
| Caspase theory of Alzheimer's disease | The proposal that beta amyloid stimulates substances called caspases, which become enzymes that destroy neurons. |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | A neurological disease transmitted from animals to humans that leads to dementia and death resulting from abnormal protein accumulations in the brain. |
| Delirium | A temporary state in which individuals experience a clouding of consciousness in which they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention. |
| Dementia | A form of cognitive impairment involving generalized progressive deficits in a person's memory and learning of new information, ability to communicate, judgment, and motor coordination. |
| Alzheimer's disease | A form of dementia characterized by progressive and gradual cognitive deficits due to severe cerebral atrophy. |
| Amnestic disorders | Cognitive disorders involving the inability to recall previously learned information or to register new memories. |
| Amyloid cascade hypothesis | The proposal that Alzheimer's disease results from the snipping of beta amyloid when it is being manufactured in the neuron. |
| Amyloid plaques | A characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in which clusters of dead or dying neurons become mixed together with fragments of protein molecules. |
| Aphasia | A loss of the ability to use language. |
| Apraxia | A loss of the ability to carry out coordinated bodily movements that the individual could previously perform without difficulty. |
| Bradykinesia | A motor disturbance involving a general slowing of motor activity. |
| Broca's aphasia | A form of aphasia that involves a disturbance in language production but intact comprehension abilities. |
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