AR Child Development EOC Review
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Created by:
CarolynHubbell on November 27, 2010
Classes:
Arkansas Family & Consumer Science, Arkansas facs, AR FACS
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148 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adolescence | the period of great growth and change between childhood and adulthood |
| Child Development | the study of how children grow and change physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially and morally |
| Emotional development | a development process that refers to the ability to experience, express, and control emotions |
| Environment | a person's surroundings and everything in them, including both human and non-human factors |
| Freud, Sigmund | Austrian psychiatrist whose theory states that a person's early emotional experiences affect adult life profoundly |
| Heredity | the sum of all the qualities a person inherits from his or her parents at birth |
| Individual life cycle | a series of stages a person passes through during his or her lifetime |
| Infancy | period of childhood from birth up to one year |
| Intellectual development | a developmental process that refers to the growth of the brain and the use of mental skills |
| Montessori, Maria | Italian educator whose theory states children learn best through their senses pursuing their own interests at their own rate |
| Montessori school | a school providing children freedom within limits by a rather structured approach, and a fixed method in which materials are presented |
| Moral development | developmental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong |
| Observation | an act of recognizing and recording behavior |
| Physical development | a developmental process that refers to the physical growth of a person's body; this growth affects height, weight, and internal body systems |
| Piaget, Jean | the first to study children in a scientific way; he said that children go through four stages of thinking and should be given learning tasks suitable for each stage |
| Preschooler | period of childhood from three to five years of age |
| School age | a child old enough to attend school; ages 5-12 |
| Social development | a developmental process that refers to the way people relate to others around them |
| Theory | a scientifically acceptable principle followed as the basis of action |
| Abstinence | refraining from sexual intercourse until marriage |
| Amniocentesis | a prenatal test using a sample of amniotic fluid to check for birth defects |
| Amniotic fluid | liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uteus during pregnancy |
| Birth defect | problem's babies are born with which threaten their health or ability |
| Cerebral palsy | problems of the motor system that can include lack of coordination, stiffness, jerkiness, difficulty with speech, and paralysis |
| Chromosomes | carry the genes that convey hereditary characteristics |
| Chronic villi sampling | a prenatal test for specific birth defects performed by sampling small amounts of the tissue from the membrane around the fetus |
| Cleft palate | a gap in the upper lip or palate that causes problems with eating, swallowing, speech and appearence |
| Conception | union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy |
| Cystic fibrosis | affects the respiratory and digestive systems; many children die before reaching adulthood |
| Dominant genes | the genes that dictate the way a trait is expressed |
| Down syndrome | a group of problems that include mental retardation, problems of the heart, blood and digestive system and poor muscle tone |
| Fetal Alcohol syndrome | a birth defect that occurs because a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy |
| Fertility | the ability to conceive a child |
| Genes | units that determine inherited characteristics |
| Genetic counseling | medical advice that tells a couple the options and risks of having genetic problems in their children |
| Hydrocephalus | an excess of fluid surrounds the brain, causing brain damage |
| Maternity leave | time off from work that allows a mother to give birth, recover, and begin to care for a new baby |
| Infertility | the inability to conceive a child |
| Miscarriage | the unexpected death of a developing baby before twenty weeks of pregnancy |
| Muscular dystrophy | there are different types that involve a progressive weakness and shrinking of the muscles; the most common form begins between the ages of 2 & 6 |
| Ovum | female sex cell, or egg, needed for reproduction |
| Paternity leave | time off from work that allows a father to care for a new baby |
| Period of embryo | the developing baby from the second until the eighth or ninth week of pregnancy |
| Period of fetus | the developing baby from the eighth or ninth week of pregnancy until birth |
| Period of zygote | the developing baby from conception until the second week of pregnancy |
| Phenyketonuria (PKU) | a condition in which the body is unable to process and use a specific protein; mental retardation can result |
| Placenta | a tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that brings food and oxygen from the mother's body to a developing baby |
| Pregnancy | the time of life from conception until birth |
| Prenatal | the time before the baby is born |
| Recessive genes | genes that are expressed as a trait only if paired with a matching recessive gene |
| Sickle cell anemia | malformed red blood cells that interfere with the supply of oxygen to all parts of the body with can lead to early death |
| Sperm | the male sex cell needed for reproduction |
| Spina bifida | an incompletely formed spinal cord may lead to stiff joints, difficulty moving the legs, partial paralysis and problems with the kidneys and urinary tract |
| Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) | an illness spread from one person to another by sexual contract |
| Stillbirth | the unexpected death of a developing baby after twenty weeks of pregnancy |
| Tay-Sachs disease | lacking a certain chemical in the blood that makes children's bodies unable to process and use fats, which leads to severe brain damage and to death, usually by age four |
| Ultrasound | a prenatal test using sound waves to make a picture of the unborn child |
| Umbilical cord | tube that connects the placenta to the unborn child which nourishes it, gives it oxygen, and takes away wastes |
| Uterus | reproductive organ in a woman in which a baby develops |
| Afterbirth | the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac that is delivered after the baby |
| Apgar Scale | a rating system that tests a newborns physical condition |
| Bonding | forming strong emotional ties between individuals |
| Cervix | the lower part of the uterus |
| Cesarean birth | to deliver the baby by making a surigical incision in the mother's abdomen |
| Colostrum | the first milk produced by a woman's breast after childbirth; it is rich in antibodies to protect the child from disease |
| Deliver | the birth of the baby |
| Dilation | the stretching of the cervix to ready it for childbirth |
| Fontanels | open spaces in a baby's head where the bones have not joined |
| Forceps | specialized tongs or pinchers used in delivery to grasp a baby to aid in delivery |
| Labor | process by which baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born |
| Lay-midwife | a non-medically trained person who helps deliver babies |
| Nurse-midwife | a medically trained person who helps deliver babies |
| Obstetrician | a doctor who specialzes in pregnancy and childbirth |
| Pediatrician | a doctor who specilizes in the care of children |
| Postnatal | the period of the child after the birth |
| Postpartum | the time for the mother after the baby is born |
| Premature infant | baby born before 37 weeks of development and weighing less than 5 pounds 8 ounces |
| Rooming-in | when the newborn stays in the room with the mother day and night in the hospital |
| Uterine contractions | the muscle walls of the uterus working to expel the baby |
| Vagina | the birth canal that allows the baby to be delivered |
| Attention span | the length of time a person can concentrate on any one thing |
| Cause and effect | the idea that one action results in another action or condition |
| Colic | acute abdominal pain caused by abnormal conditions in the bowels |
| Cradle cap | a skin condition in infants in which the scalp develops patches of yellow, crusty scales |
| Crib death | also know as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
| Developmental delays | parts of the development that are slower than the average |
| Diaper rash | patches of rough, irritated skin in the diaper area |
| Failure to thrive | a condition in which the baby does not grow and develop properly |
| Hand-eye coordination | the ability to move hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen |
| Large motor skills | the use of the large muscles of the back, legs, shoulders and arms |
| Neurons | nerve cells |
| Object permanence | the concept in which an infant learns that people or things exist even when they are gone from sight |
| Perception | the ability to learn from the senses |
| Personality | the characteristics that make a person unique |
| Primary teeth | teeth which will begin being replaced at about the age of six |
| Repetition | learning by doing the same task or skill over and over |
| Sensory-motor skills | skills that are developed throught the interaction of the senses and the environment |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | when seemingly healthy children between the ages of two weeks and six months suddenly die in their sleep |
| Stranger anxiety | a baby's fear of unfamiliar people |
| Teething | when a baby begins cutting his or her primary teeth |
| Temperament | a person's style of reacting to the world and relating to others |
| Weaning | the process of changing from drinking from a bottle or the breast to a cup |
| Autonomy | being independent |
| Cooperative play | activity in which children actually play with one another |
| Developmentally appropriate | tasks that are suitable to a child given his/her age and interests |
| Discipline | training that corrects, molds, and perfects one actions |
| Guidance | help in learning acceptable behavior |
| Imitation | learing that occurs by watching and copying the actions of others |
| Large motor skills | the use and control of the large muscles of the back.legs, shoulders, and arms |
| Needs | something that you have to have in order to live |
| negativism | the act of being negative, lacking a positive outlook, doing the opposite of what others want |
| Parallel play | activity in which children play side by side |
| Positive self concept | the mental picture you have of yourself as being equal with other people |
| Self centered | thinking about one's own needs and wants before others |
| Self discipline | the ability to direct your own behavior in a responsible way |
| Separation anxiety | a child's fear of being away from parents, familiar caregivers, or the normal environment |
| Small motor skills | an ability that depends on the use and control of the finer muscles of the wrist, finger and ankles |
| Socialization | the process by which chidren gradually learn to get along with other people |
| Temper tantrum | a sudden outburst of anger in which children may kick, scream, cry, or hold their breath |
| ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | a learning disability in which a person is not able to control his or her activity or concentrate for a normal length of time |
| Ambidextrous | ability to use both hands with equal skill |
| Conscience | an inner sense of what is right |
| Dexterity | the skillful use of hands and fingers |
| Dramatic play | play in which children imitate real life situations |
| Dyslexia | a learning disability in which a person is unable to understand printed symbols in a normal way |
| Finger plays | songs or chants with accompanying hand motions |
| Gender identity | recognizing being a boy or a girl |
| Gifted child | a child with unusual intelligence, special artistic talents, and/or the abilty to understand relationships and abstract ideas |
| Group identification | a feeling of belonging to a certain group of people |
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | a number obtained by comparing a person's intelligence to the scores of othersLearning disability |
| Learning disability | a problem in a person's mental process that prevents learning in a normal way |
| Make-believe play | pretending to be something or someone you are not |
| Moral development | developomental process that refers to the ability to know right from wrong |
| Multiple intelligences | many different ways of using the mind and body to experience the world |
| Peers | the other people in a person's age group |
| Permanent teeth | secondary teeth that replace primary or decidious teeth |
| Phoneme | the individual sounds in words |
| Regression behavior | reverting to earlier behaviors |
| Sibling | a brother or sister |
| Eating disorder | extreme, unhealthy behavior relating to food, eating and wight |
| Gender identity | recognizing being a boy or a girl |
| Growth spurt | a period of rapid growth in a child |
| Hyperactive | being overly and uncontrollably active |
| Independence | learning to do things on ones own |
| Peer pressure | persuasion to conform to the group and go along with group activities |
| Puberty | the set of changes that gives a child a physically mature body able to reproduce |
| Role model | a person that someone admires and wished to pattern his or her behavior after |
| Self-worth | an individual's measure of how much he or she is valued |
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