Flashcards: Lessons 13-19
About these flashcards
Created by:
WFBMSScience on November 27, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
A set of interactive flashcards to study important vocabulary from lessons 13-19.
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.All 30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Natural Selection | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species |
| Evolution | the gradual change in a species over time. NOT change in an individual, but change in an ENTIRE SPECIES. |
| Offspring | new organisms produced by a living thing- babies. |
| Asexual Reproduction | a form of reproduction in which new individuals are formed without the involvement of egg or sperm. Examples include: budding, cuttings, runners, cloning. |
| Sexual Reproduction | process in which DNA from two sex cells combine (sperm meets egg) and produces offspring that are genetically different from either parent. |
| Dominant | describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait. Written as a capital letter (TT = two dominant genes) |
| Recessive | trait of an organism that can be masked, or not expressed, by the dominant form of a trait. Written as a lower case letter. The only time you see the recessive trait is if both parents give a recessive gene (ex. tt = both recessive) |
| Trait | a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| Sex Cells | specialized cells that are used in reproduction - egg and sperm. |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Chromosomes | structures in the nucleus made of DNA that contain all of an organisms genetic material. |
| Genes | parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits. A specific section of the chromosome that has DNA that codes for a specific trait, like hair color. |
| DNA | a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes |
| Germination | the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow |
| Fermentation | the breakdown of carbohydrates to make energy by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold without using oxygen |
| Budding | an asexual process which part of a yeast cell pinches itself off to produce a small offspring cell |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup, or genes. ex. Bb (The letters!) |
| Phenotype | The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its genetic make up (genotype). |
| The number of chromosomes in a human body cell. | 23 pairs |
| The number of chromosomes in a human sex cell. | 23 single |
| If a frog has 40 pairs of chromosomes in its body cells, it has this many in its sex cells. | 40 single |
| The gene for brown eyes is B and for blue eyes is b. This is the genotype for a Homozygous Dominant parent. | BB |
| The gene for brown eyes is B and for blue eyes is b. This is the phenotype for a Homozygous Dominant parent. | Brown eyes |
| Constant | Elements in an experiment that are not changed. |
| A seed needs this to germinate | Water, heat |
| The color that was dominant in your Wisconsin fast plants (purple or green?) | Purple Pp or PP |
| The genotype of a homozygous recessive green colored fast plant. (Purple- P, green- p) | pp |
| Decomposer | An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms and returns the nutrients back to the soil. Recycler |
| Simbiosis | a relationship between two organisms in which both benefit. |
| An example of simbiosis | Leaf cutter ants and fungi Ants get food, fungi gets a place to live. |