cells energy test (12/2)
Order by
30 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| autotroph |  an organism that sustains itself by making its own food, without eating other organisms or their molecules |
| photoautotroph | all organisms that produce organic molecules from inorganic molecules using the energy of light |
| producer | an organism that makes organic food molecules from carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic raw materials |
| mesophyll | the green tissue in the interior of a leaf, a leafs ground tissue system, and the main site of photosynthesis |
| stroma | a thick fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a chloroplast, sugars are made by the enzymes of the calvin cycle |
| stomata | a pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf, when open, carbon dioxide enters a leaf and water and oxygen exit, a plant conserves water when it is closed |
| thylakoid | one of many disk shaped membranous sac inside a chloroplast, membrane contains chlorophyll and enzymes of the light reactions |
| granum | a stack of hollow disks formed of thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast, the site where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy during light reactions |
| light reaction | a process that converts light energy to chemical energy and produces oxygen gas as a waste product, occurs in thylakoid membrane, final product is ATP and NADPH, produces no sugar itself |
| calvin cycle | a process of chemical reactions occurring in the stroma, using carbon dioxide and ATP and NADPH to make G3P also known as PGAL |
| carbon fixation | the incorporation of carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide into the carbon in organic compounds |
| respirations purpose | uses energy from carbohydrates to make ATP |
| ATP | used by proteins for food |
| ADP | can gain another phosphate to form ATP but only with lots of added energy |
| glycolysis | the multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms, occurs in cytoplasmic fluid |
| oxidative respiration | extremely efficient, produces 34 ATP and also 2 from glycolysis to make 36, requires oxygen, occurs in mitochondria |
| krebs cycle | series of reactions that extracts energy from the chemically modified products of glycolysis, happens in matrix of mitochondria |
| electron transport | uses electrons from NADH and FAD2 to make large numbers of ATP molecules |
| oxidation | the loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| reduction | the gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| acetyl CoA | high energy fuel molecule for the citric acid cycle, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme |
| coenzyme A | a two carbon group derived from vitamin b, joins with the acetic acid to form acetyl CoA |
| FAD | consists of vitamin B2 bound in the phosphate group of an ATP molecule, carrier reduced to high energy molecule |
| FADH2 | the result of FAD accepting 2 molecules |
| strict anaerobe | organisms that are poisoned by oxygen so cannot survive in a atmosphere of oxygen |
| facultative anaerobe | organisms that can survive on fermentation or an oxidative respiration |
| carbohydrate | enters as glucose into glycolysis |
| fat | enters as PGAL for glycerol, and as acetyl CoA for fatty acid |
| protein | enters glycolysis and krebs cycle as digested amino acids |
| fermentation | turns NADH back into NAD+, used when no oxygen is available |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.