BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 2 & 3
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Created by:
chrisecle23 on September 2, 2008
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atom | basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons |
| electron | negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus |
| element | substance consisting of one type of atom |
| isotope | atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that other atom of the same element |
| compound | substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| molecule | smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der Waals forces | a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that physically mix together |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms usually |
| polymers | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| monomers | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polomers |
| monosaccharides | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharides | large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides |
| lipids | macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acids | macromolecule containing hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| amino acids | compounds with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end |
| chemical reaction | a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another |
| reactants | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| products | elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| substrates | reactant of an enzyme |
| ecology | the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| biosphere | part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere |
| species | a group of organisms do similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring together |
| populations | groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
| community | assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area |
| ecosystem | a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment |
| biome | a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
| autotrophs | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| producers | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotrophs |
| photosynthesis | the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by living organisms |
| chemosynthesis | process organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| heterotrophs | organism that obtains energy from the food it consumes |
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