Vocabulary from Classical Roots E Lessons 5 & 6: Up and Down
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Created by:
10outof5 on November 28, 2010
Subjects:
english vocabulary, english, greek roots, latin roots
Description:
Greek and Latin roots, vocabulary words, examples,
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111 terms
Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Basis |  Greek; pedestal, foot, base |
| Bassus | Latin; low |
| bas-relief | n. Sculpture whose ornament or figures are somewhat raised above the background. (also known as "low-relief") |
| debase | tr. v. To lower in quality, value, or dignity; to degrade |
| Clivus | Latin; slope |
| declivity | n. A downward slope; the slope of a hill |
| proclivity | n. A natural inclination or tendency; inner impulse or direction |
| Levis | Latin; light (in weight) |
| leaven | n. A substance like yeast or a small amount of fermented dough that causes dough to rise or expand |
| leaven | n. A lightening or enlivening influence |
| leaven | In My Antonia Mrs. Shimerda shocks her American neighbors by her old-country method of using fermented dough as a ___ for new loaves of bread. |
| leaven | The film critic Penelope Gilliatt admries Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe for the ___ they impart as "beautiful clowns," smarter than everyone else and knowing that they will eventually be found out. |
| leaven | tr. v. To provide a lightening influence. |
| leaven | Letters from home ___ the spirits of battle-weary troops. |
| proclivity | "By necessity, by ___, and by delight, we all quote." - Ralph Waldo Emerson |
| declivities | Undersea photographs of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean reveal ___ that resemble topographical configurations on land. |
| debase | According to Flora Tristan, the llama is the only animal that human beings have not been able to ___ because it refuses to be mistreated or take orders. |
| bas-relief | Trajan's column, which stands in Rome, is encircled with ___ depicting the emperor's military victories. |
| legerdemain | n. Sleight of hand; magic tricks |
| legerdemain | Thomas Betson, a fifteenth-century monk skilled in ___, could make a hollow egg appear to float by suspending it below his hand with a fine hair. |
| legerdemain | n. Any trickery or deception |
| legerdemain | Emmeline Piggolt, a Confederate spy who epitomized the elegant Southern belle, easily slipped military documents past Union sentries thorught the ___ of concealing the messages under her voluminous hoopskirt. |
| leverage | n. The action of a lever that raises or lifts |
| leverage | The ___ of an automatic jack enables a person to raise a heavy vehicle. |
| leverage | n. Power to influence; a position of strength |
| leverage | During her tenure as the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher applied ___ to her conservative cabinet by appointing ministers who agreed with her policies. |
| levitate | tr. and intr. v. To rise or float, or cause to rise, seemingly despite gravity |
| levitate | Tests in Germany and Japan have proved that instead of moving on wheels, high-speed trains can ___ on a cushion of magnetic force. |
| levity | n. Lightness in speech or behavior, especially unbecoming jocularity; frivolity |
| levity | Tess Durbeyfield disdains the ___ of young village women whose chief pleasure is dancing on Saturday nights and sleeping off on Sunday the effects of their indulgence in "curious compounds." |
| Gravis | Latin; heavy |
| Pendo, Pendere, Pependi, Pensum | Latin; to cause to hang down, to weigh |
| Pondero, Ponderare, Ponderavi, Ponderatum | Latin; to weigh |
| penchant | n. A strong inclination or liking; fondness |
| penchant | Niara Sudarkasa's ___ as a college student for facts about Africa led her to focus he career on African anthropology. |
| ponderous | adj. Extremely heavy; massive |
| ponderous | Although they lacked wheeled vehicles, the Incas moved ___ stones across high Andean passes to biuld cities like Machu Picchu. |
| ponderous | adj. Unwieldly or awkward |
| ponderous | The ___ galleons of the Spanish Armada were no match for the light, fast British ships, able to strike and then dart out of firing range. |
| ponderous | adj. Dull or tedious |
| ponderous | The Pilgrim's Progress may seem ___ to some reader because of its heavily moral tone, but it remains the epitome of literary allegory. |
| imponderable | adj. Unable to be assessed or measured precisely |
| imponderable | Although scientists can plan most aspects of a space flight accurately, the weather for launch and reentry remains an ___ factor. |
| preponderant | adj. Superior in number, force, power, or importance |
| preponderant | Introduced from South America only in the sixteenth century, the potato has become the ___ food source for much of Europe, the Americas, and Africa. |
| Scala | Latin; steps, stairs, ladder, sca |
| Scando, Scandere, Scandi, Scansum | Latin; to climb |
| echelon | n. A step-like formation of troops, ships, or aircraft |
| echelon | To honor their fallen comrade, the pilots flew in "man missing" ___, in which one position is left significantly empty. |
| echelon | n. A level of command or authority |
| echelon | Promoted in 1970 to the rank of brigadier general in the Women's Army Corps, Elizabeth P. Hoisington and Anna Mae Hays became the first women to reach that ___ in the United States Armed Forces. |
| transcendent | adj. Going beyond the limits of ordinary experience. |
| transcendent | To Emily Dickinson everyday occurences like seeing a snake, a clover, or a "slant of light" became ___, leading her to reflect on natural law and mortality. |
| transcendent | rising above common thought or ideas |
| transcendental | asserting a supernatural or mustical element in experience |
| Cubo, Cubare, Cubui, Cubitum | Latin; to lie down |
| Incumbo, Incumbere, Incubui, Incubitum | Latin; to recline |
| incumbent | n. A person who holds an office or position |
| incumbent | An ___ in the U.S. Congress for thirty-two years, Margaret Chase Smith served longer than any other woman. |
| incumbent | adj. Already holding an office or poistion |
| incumbent | ___ school board members may stand a better chance in an election than their inexperienced challengers. |
| incumbent | adj. Required as a duty or obligation (often used with 'on') |
| incumbent | It is ___ on all parents of school-age children to have them vaccinated for measles, mumps, and polio. |
| incumbent | leaning or lying on |
| incumbent | Crumbling rock or ___ slabs or stone and conrete made rescue efforts after the earthquake both difficult and hazardous. |
| recumbent | adj. Reclining; lying down |
| recumbent | Although they quarreled fiercely in life, the ___ effigies of Elaenor of Aquitaine and King Henry II of England now rest pacifically side by side on their tombs. |
| succumb | intr. v. To yield; to give in or give up, especially to a powerful force or desire (often used with 'to') |
| succumb | The major sorrow of young Werther's life is his unrequited passion for Charlotte, who gently but firmly refuses to ___ to his many protestations of love. |
| succumb | intr. v. To die |
| succumb | Until 1882 when Robert Koch, a German physician, identified the tiny bacillus causing tuberculosis, its victims expected to ___ quickly. |
| Hupo | Greek; under, beneath |
| hypochondria | n. A psychological disorder characterized by the illusory conviction that one is ill or in pain, or likely to become so. |
| hypochondria | Jane Austen's novel Emma depicts ___ humorously, as Mr. Woodhouse encourages guest to join him in eating wholesome gruel and fears the effect of bad weather upon his health. |
| hypothesis | n. A theory or explanation that leads to further investigation for proof or disproof |
| hypothesis | Although the ___ that all of the Indo-European family of languages derive from one original language is widely accepted, it will probably never be proven because this extinct language existed before the invention of writing. |
| hypothesis | n. An assupmtion on which a conclusion or decision is based. |
| hypothesis | "the great tragedy of Science--the slaying of a beautiful ___ by an ugly fact." - T.H. Huxley |
| Kata | Greek; down |
| cataclysm | n. A disaster or catastrophe on such a large scale that biological, environmental, or cultural elements are permanently altered or irreparable lost to the earth. |
| cataclysm | A __ that occurred sixty-five million years ago changed atmospheric conditions so drastically that no dinosaurs were able to survive. |
| catapult | n. An ancient mechanical device for hurling missiles |
| catapult | From his research for the construction of an authentic ___, the writer Jim Paul concluded that Alexander the Great "transformed western culture" through his shrewd and powerful use of this weapon. |
| catapult | n. A modern mechanism for launching aircraft from the deck of a ship. |
| catapult | Because flight decks on aircraft carriers are generally only 1,100 feet long, a ___ supplies the velocity planes need for take-off. |
| catapult | intr. and tr. v. To hurl or launch suddenly (as if from a slongshot); to spring up |
| catapult | When Charles Lindbergh landed in Paris in 1927, becoming the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, his flight ___ him to international fame. |
| Sub | Latin; under |
| subjective | adj. Concentrating on the self in the expression of feelings and perceptions |
| subjective | Isadora Duncan's ___ interpretations of classical Greek dances were greatly admired in Europe but not in America. |
| subjective | adj. Relating to personal opinions and thought processed rather than factual information or universal experience |
| subjective | Readers of newspapers expect editorials and letters to the editor to express ___ views but news stories to contain verifiable objective facts. |
| sublimate | tr. and intr. v. To turn aside an instinctual, perhaps primitive, impulse in favor of a more socially or culturally acceptable activity |
| sublimate | Therapists attempt to train highly aggressive people to ___ their impulses to fight by visualizing peaceable alternatives. |
| sublime | exalted; awe-inspiring |
| suborn | tr. v. to induce a person in secret to commit a misdeed or a crime. |
| suborns | Mother Midnight ___ Moll Flanders by having her trained to pick pockets. |
| suborn | tr. v. To induce someone to give false testimony |
| suborned | When party members ___ the U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Albert B. Fall, to lie about the source of a loan for illegally leasing naval oil reserves, he became a central figure in the Teapot Dome scandal of the 1920s. |
| subterfuge | n. An artifice, device, or evasion to hide or avoid something, or to escape an outcome |
| subterfuge | After Kate Hardcastle learns that her suitor is too tongue-tied to speak with young women of his own social class, she adopts the ___ of appearing to be a family servant. |
| Veritas | Latin; truth |
| verisimilitude | n. A thing or quality that appears true or real |
| verisimilitude | Critics cite John Edgar Wideman as a novelist who captures the speech and thought of urban African-American youth with ___. |
| verity | n. The condition or quality of being true or accurate |
| verity | Scientists now accpet as a ___ that ninety-nine percent of all biological phenomena eventually become extinct. |
| verity | n. A belief, principle, or statement expressing some basic human truth; a scientific truth |
| verities | The writer must leave "no room in his workshop for anything but the old ___ and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed--love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice." - William Faulkner |
| aver | tr. v. To affirm; to deliver or attest to positively or dogmatically |
| averred | After the Ancient Mariner's shipmates protest his killing of the albatross, he admits his error: And I had done a hellish thing, And it would work 'em woe: For all ___, I had killed the bird That made the breeze to blow. - Samuel Taylor Coleridge |
| veracity | capacity for telling the truth |
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